Evaluation of Soil Cations in Agricultural Soils of East Wollega Zone in South Western Ethiopia

No Abstract

Efecto del sexo y la inclusión de glicerol en el pienso sobre la distribución de ácidos grasos en el triglicérido en ganado porcino

Concentration of C16:0 was higher and C18:1 y C18:2 lower in boars than in gilts in the subcutaneous fat of hams. Dietary inclusion of glycerol decrease C18:2 and PUFA concentration, thus decreasing fat unsaturation. Saturated fatty acids are concentrated in the external position of the triglyceride (Sn-1,3), while PUFA and MUFA are located preferentially in the inner position (Sn-2). No interaction was observed between position and either sex or dietary treatment. The PUFA/SAT index was affected by position, sex and dietary treatment, However, rations in which MUFA were involved were not significant. The C18:0/C18:2 index showed an interaction dietary treatment*position, in which the ratio is increased by dietary glycerol only in the Sn-1,3 position.Los machos castrados tuvieron una concentración más alta de C16:0 y más baja de C18:1 y C18:2 en la grasa subcutánea del jamón. La inclusión de glicerol en el pienso durante la fase de acabado produce una menor concentración de C18:2, del total de PUFA y, en consecuencia, una menor insaturación de la grasa. Los ácidos grasos saturados se concentraron especialmente en las posiciones externas (Sn-1,3), mientras que los MUFA y PUFA lo hicieron preferentemente en la posición central (Sn-2). No se observaron interacciones de la posición de los ácidos grasos individuales debidas al sexo o a la alimentación. La relación PUFA/SAT resultó significativa respecto a la posición, el sexo y la alimentación. Sin embargo, los índices en los que participan los MUFA son mucho más constantes e independientes del sexo y la alimentación. El cociente C18:0/C18:2 muestra una interacción glicerol*posición, de modo que dicho cociente aumenta específicamente en la posición 1,3 cuando los cerdos reciben glicerol, pero no se afecta (o lo hace con muy poca intensidad) en la posición 2

Psychiatric care in university population

[EN] It is well-known that university students experience high levels of mental health problems. University life presents changes and challenges that can be stressful and may affect the mental health of its community. More than 20 years ago, the Social Affairs Service (SAS) of the University of Salamanca started a program that ensured the mental health care in their community. The Psychiatric Care Unit is part of this program and its objectives are: 1) to detect serious mental disorders; 2) treat mild mental disorders; 3) give information to prevent illness and promote mental health; 4) serve as support in patients with previous follow-up that has been discontinued due to the beginning of their studies; 5) liaise with referral psychiatrists

Influencia de la restricción de vitamina A en la dieta de cerdos ibéricos sobre el metabolismo y la transcripción de genes relacionados con lipogénesis

Vitamin A is a liposoluble vitamin obtained from the diet with multiple physiological actions in all animal tissues, including an antiadipogenic action which seems to be limited to muscular tissues. Thus, vitamin A restriction has been proposed as a strategy for improving meat and carcass quality in farm animals. In this work we have studied the effects of vitamin A dietary restriction on productive traits, tissue fatty acid composition and expression of a panel of adipogenic and lipogenic candidate genes in Iberian pigs. Forty Torbiscal pigs were fed with a standard or a Vitamin A restricted diet from two months of age till their sacrifice conducted in two batches, at 100 and 160 Kg live weight. Diet had no significant effect on growth, fatness, yields or intramuscular fat, but animals receiving no vitamin A supplementation showed higher monounsaturated fatty acids and lower saturated fatty acids in back fat and loin samples than the control ones. Adipose tissue SCD gene expression was higher in vitamin A restricted animals, as occurs with CRABP II expression. On the other hand, RXRG expression was higher in control group, in agreement with the influence on transcription of retinoic acid and its potential relationship with adipogenesis and lipogenesis.La vitamina A es una vitamina liposoluble obtenida de la dieta con numerosas funciones fisiológicas en los tejidos animales, incluyendo un efecto antiadipogénico aparentemente limitado al tejido muscular. La restricción de vitamina A se ha propuesto como una herramienta para mejorar la calidad de la canal y de la carne en animales de abasto. En el presente trabajo hemos estudiado el efecto de la restricción de vitamina A en el pienso sobre caracteres productivos, composición tisular de ácidos grasos y expresión de un panel de genes candidato con funciones adipogénicas y lipogénicas en cerdos ibéricos. Cuarenta cerdos de la estirpe Torbiscal fueron alimentados con pienso estándar o con pienso sin vitamina A en el corrector desde los dos meses de edad hasta su sacrificio, realizado en dos lotes (a 100 y 160 kg de peso vivo). La dieta no afectó al crecimiento, engrasamiento, rendimientos ni a la cantidad de grasa intramuscular, pero los animales restringidos mostraron una cantidad mayor de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y menor de saturados en el tocino dorsal y en el lomo. El análisis de expresión génica en el tocino dorsal mostró una mayor expresión de SCD y CRABP II en el grupo restringido. Por otro lado, la expresión de RXRG fue mayor en el grupo control, en concordancia con el efecto modulador de la transcripción génica del ácido retinoico y su potencial relación con la adipogénesis y lipogénesis

Seeing Tree Structure from Vibration

Humans recognize object structure from both their appearance and motion; often, motion helps to resolve ambiguities in object structure that arise when we observe object appearance only. There are particular scenarios, however, where neither appearance nor spatial-temporal motion signals are informative: occluding twigs may look connected and have almost identical movements, though they belong to different, possibly disconnected branches. We propose to tackle this problem through spectrum analysis of motion signals, because vibrations of disconnected branches, though visually similar, often have distinctive natural frequencies. We propose a novel formulation of tree structure based on a physics-based link model, and validate its effectiveness by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and empirical experiments. With this formulation, we use nonparametric Bayesian inference to reconstruct tree structure from both spectral vibration signals and appearance cues. Our model performs well in recognizing hierarchical tree structure from real-world videos of trees and vessels.Comment: ECCV 2018. The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Project page: http://tree.csail.mit.edu

Tourist spaces and tourism policy in Spain and Portugal

Advances in Cultura, Tourism and Hospitality Research;10, 235-249This study analyses the relationship between the development of the tourism policy of Spain and Portugal and their effects on regional imbalances. Despite the proximity of the two countries and their specialisation in tourism, there are few comparative studies on tourism of the two Iberian countries. The study focuses on the two major phases of tourism policy: the period of mass tourism and post-Fordist stage. In the conclusions we refer the debate on the existence of a model of development based on tourism to the Latin countries of Southern Europe and we note the export process of the Spanish low-cost tourism model to other countries.Financiado por el Gobierno de España, Programa Fundamental de Investigación, Proyecto de I+D (CSO2012-30840) "Geografías de la crisis: análisis de los territorios urbanos y turísticos de las Islas Baleares, Costa del Sol y principales destinos del Caribe y América Central"

Efecto de la vitamina e en la alimentación del pavo en la acumulación tisular y estabilidad oxidativa.

El presente trabajo pretende evaluar la efectividad de las formas naturales de vitamina E en la acumulación tisular de tocoferol, así como en la estabilidad oxidativa in vivo y postmortem. El único factor de diferenciación fue el tipo de vitamina E (natural vs sintética) y concentración (Baja: 40 ppm y alta: 120 ppm) en el pienso. Adicionalmente se produjo un grupo control sin vitamina E añadida en el pienso. Se ha observado una relación dosisrespuesta lineal en la concentración de tocoferol en el plasma de los pavos, así como una tendencia (P=0.139) hacia una mayor concentración en los animales que recibieron la vitamina E en forma natural.. Existe una relación entre la concentración de tocoferol y de Metamioglobina en el músculo en el día 9 de almacenamiento refrigerado, evidenciándose una mayor efectividad de la forma natural. Se ha observado una menor concentración de ácidos grasos saturados en el grupo control y el de bajo nivel de suplementación. Asimismo, existe una tendencia hacia una menor concentración d estos ácidos grasos en los animales que reciben la forma natural de vitamina E (P=0,0658)

Physical activity moderates the effect of sedentary time on an older adult's physical independence

Background/objectives: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and breaks in sedentary time (BST) have been proposed as viable solutions to improve an older adult's physical independence, whereas sedentary time (ST) has been associated with detrimental effects. We sought to assess the joint effects of ST, BST, and MVPA on the physical independence of older adults and determine whether and to what extent the ST relationship with physical independence is moderated by MVPA and/or BST. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics. Participants: Older adults (≥65 years old) from the national surveillance sys tem in Portugal (n = 821). Measurements: Physical activity and ST were assessed by accelerometry. Physi cal independence was assessed using a 12-item composite physical function (CPF) questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the outcomes. Results: Higher ST was related to lower CPF score (β = −0.01, p < 0.0001), whereas higher MVPA was related to better CPF score (β = 0.02, p < 0.0001). BST was not related to physical independence after accounting for MVPA and ST (β = 0.03, p = 0.074). MVPA had a moderating effect on the relationship of ST with CPF score (p < 0.0001), where MVPA ≥36.30 min/day ameliorated the significant inverse relationship between ST and CPF. Engaging in ≥107.78 of MVPA resulted in ST having a significant positive relationship with CPF score. No moderation effect was found for BST (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of the time spent in MVPA and BST, ST was inversely related to CPF. However, MVPA was found to be a moderator of the relationship between ST and physical independence, such that engaging in at least 36 min/day of MVPA may blunt the negative effects of ST. At high levels of MVPA (≥108 min/day), having some ST may actually provide some benefit to an older adult's ability to maintain physical independence

Can we identify non-stationary dynamics of trial-to-trial variability?"

Identifying sources of the apparent variability in non-stationary scenarios is a fundamental problem in many biological data analysis settings. For instance, neurophysiological responses to the same task often vary from each repetition of the same experiment (trial) to the next. The origin and functional role of this observed variability is one of the fundamental questions in neuroscience. The nature of such trial-to-trial dynamics however remains largely elusive to current data analysis approaches. A range of strategies have been proposed in modalities such as electro-encephalography but gaining a fundamental insight into latent sources of trial-to-trial variability in neural recordings is still a major challenge. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept study to the analysis of trial-to-trial variability dynamics founded on non-autonomous dynamical systems. At this initial stage, we evaluate the capacity of a simple statistic based on the behaviour of trajectories in classification settings, the trajectory coherence, in order to identify trial-to-trial dynamics. First, we derive the conditions leading to observable changes in datasets generated by a compact dynamical system (the Duffing equation). This canonical system plays the role of a ubiquitous model of non-stationary supervised classification problems. Second, we estimate the coherence of class-trajectories in empirically reconstructed space of system states. We show how this analysis can discern variations attributable to non-autonomous deterministic processes from stochastic fluctuations. The analyses are benchmarked using simulated and two different real datasets which have been shown to exhibit attractor dynamics. As an illustrative example, we focused on the analysis of the rat's frontal cortex ensemble dynamics during a decision-making task. Results suggest that, in line with recent hypotheses, rather than internal noise, it is the deterministic trend which most likely underlies the observed trial-to-trial variability. Thus, the empirical tool developed within this study potentially allows us to infer the source of variability in in-vivo neural recordings