Az európai és a magyarországi kanyaróhelyzet összefoglalása és tanulságai = Summary and lessons of the European and Hungarian measles situation

Absztrakt: A kanyaró az egyik legsúlyosabb megelőzhető fertőző megbetegedés, mely hazánkban az elmúlt 10–20 évben a ritkábban előforduló kórképek közé tartozott. Ennek egyik oka, hogy az 1969 után született magyar lakosság átoltottsága közel 99%-os. A másik ok pedig az, hogy az oltási érát megelőző időszakban a gyakran előforduló országos kanyarójárványok az érintettekben életre szóló immunitást hagytak maguk után. A természetes és a mesterséges immunizáció így összességében tehát kiterjedt nyájimmunitást biztosított a populációnak. Az Európában jelenleg is zajló kanyarójárványok azonban rávilágítottak arra, hogy a megbetegedéssel kapcsolatos tünettani és differenciáldiagnosztikai ismeretek az utóbbi 20 évben háttérbe szorultak. Az európai kanyarójárványok hazánkra vonatkozó konzekvenciájának áttekintése mellett a jelen közlemény célja a kanyaró járványügyi kontrolljához szükséges klinikai és labordiagnosztikai ismeretek felelevenítése és összefoglalása. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 767–773. | Abstract: Measles is one of the most serious preventable infectious diseases, which in our country were among the rare diseases in the last 10 to 20 years. One of the reasons for this is that the Hungarian population born after 1969 was vaccinated in almost 99 percent. The other reason is that in the period prior to vaccination era, the often-occurring measles epidemics left life-long immunity in the affected persons. Thus, natural and artificial immunizations provided extensive herd immunity. However, the ongoing measles epidemics in Europe have highlighted the fact that the symptoms and differential diagnosis related to measles have been relegated to the negligible category for the last 20 years. In addition to reviewing the consequences of the European measles pandemics in Hungary, the purpose of this paper is to revise and summarize the clinical and laboratory knowledge required to establish a definitive epidemiological control of measles. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 767–773

Epidemiological situation of measles in Romania, Italy, and Hungary: On what threats should we focus nowadays?

Although the prevalence of wild-type measles virus infection has decreased by >90% in Europe, the disease is still not eliminated and has even reemerged with recurrent outbreaks in different countries, including Romania and Italy. Minor outbreaks of Romanian origin were reported from Hungary as well. In Romania, an outbreak has been ongoing since February 2016. As of October 2017, 9,670 measles cases and 35 deaths were registered in the country. The three most affected counties are located next to the Hungarian border. In Italy, until the end of August 2017, 4,477 cases were reported to the surveillance system. The outbreak affected most of the Italian administrative regions. Until October 2017, three minor measles outbreaks were also detected in Hungary. All of these outbreaks were derived from Romanian cases. Although in these countries, there are vaccination programs running, the spread of the disease raises the possibility of secondary vaccine failure