Antigen-Specific B Cells Reactivate an Effective Cytotoxic T Cell Response against Phagocytosed Salmonella through Cross-Presentation

Background: The eradication of facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens, like Salmonella typhi, requires the concerted action of both the humoral immune response and the cytotoxic CD8 + T cell response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to orchestrate the cytotoxic CD8 + T cell response via cross-presentation of bacterial antigens onto MHC class I molecules. Cross-presentation of Salmonella by DCs however, is accompanied by the induction of apoptosis in the DCs. Besides antibody production, B cells are required to clear Salmonella infection for other unknown reasons. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show that Salmonella-specific B cells that phagocytose Salmonella upon BCRligation reactivate human memory CD8 + T cells via cross-presentation yielding a Salmonella-specific cytotoxic T cell response. The reactivation of CD8 + T cells is dependent on CD4 + T cell help. Unlike the DCs, B cell-mediated crosspresentation of Salmonella does not coincide with apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance: B cells form a new player in the activation of the cytotoxic effector arm of the immune respons

Разработка технологического процесса изготовления корпуса редуктора поворота КС4372.308.10.001/002

РЕФЕРАТ Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из 142 страницы, 28 рисунков, 31 таблицу, 22 источников, 5 приложений, 12 листов графического материала. Ключевые слова: ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС, ДЕТАЛЬ, ЗАГОТОВКА, РЕЖУЩИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ, СКОРОСТЬ РЕЗАНИЯ, МЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ, СЕБЕСТОИМОСТЬ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ, БАЗИРОВАНИЕ, ПРИПУСК, ЗАГОТОВКА. Тема ВКР: Разработка технологического процесса изготовления корпуса редуктора КС-4372.308.10.001/002. Аналитическая часть содержит описание существующего производства, служебное назначение изделия, определения типа производства, анализ конструкции изделия на технологичность, описание базового технологического процесса. Технологическая часть включает выбор заготовки и метода ее получения, выбор баз, разработку маршрута тABSTRACT Final qualifying work 142 with., 28 figures, 31 tables, 22 sources, 5 appendices, 12 а graphic material. Key words: technological process, a detail, the preparation, the cutting tool, speed of cutting, the measuring tool, the process equipment, the cost price of manufacturing, base, basing, an allowance, preparation. The purpose of work: designing of technological process of manufacturing of case КС-4372.308.10.001/002. During performance of work the analysis of working technological process of reception of preparation and machining of a detail has been made. In a technological part of work the method of reception of preparation is chosen, technological process of machining of a detail is developed, calculations of allowances and modes of cutting are executed. In a desi