REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN DWELLING STOCK AND ITS POTENTIAL FOR RETROFIT INTERVENTIONS USING SOLAR-ASSISTED HEATING AND COOLING

This study provides a characterization of the existing European stock of residential buildings, with a specific focus on their energy performance. Eight countries with different characteristics and climates have been selected as a representative sample. After identifying relevant parameters, data has been compiled from several sources, including national statistical bodies and European datasets from official and unofficial bodies, as well as previous research projects. Based on those projects as initial source of information, the study is complemented with energy efficiency related regulations as well as with external climate data. The collected information has been subject to a critical review and analysed to identify insights and trends related to the energy performance of European dwellings. The information gathered is intended to provide a general view about the current status for each of the assessed countries and by extension a global picture of the European stock. The outcomes of this study will constitute a realistic baseline scenario for identifying needs, potentials and constraints for renewable energy technologies, and will assist the development of a novel software tool for planning energy-efficient retrofits of residential buildings.This study has been partially developed within the HEAT4COOL research project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 723925. This document reflects only the authors’ view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The work has also been supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under Contract No. 16.0082

Ageing and its consequences – the use of virtual reality (VR) as a tool to visualize the problems of the elderly

Background The population ageing phenomenon is mainly attributable to the increasing proportion of people >60 years of age. This demographic situation requires more attention to the needs of the elderly. Given the lack of effective methods to expand the knowledge of and increase sensitivity to elderly people’s problems, especially among the younger generation, an attempt has been made to use virtual reality (VR) to prepare an educational tool focused on these problems. This paper will focus on the use of VR in depicting fundamental problems in the daily live of older people. Material and Methods For project purposes, a questionnaire (26 question) was developed, concerning data on socio-demographic situation, health and physical conditions; social, living and housing support needs. Additionally, qualitative interviews were conducted with elderly people regarding their needs about housing arrangements and daily activities. It was distributed to 100 people, 34 completed questionnaires were obtained from 30 women and 4 men. The study results were intended as information that would provide the basis for developing VR scenarios, not for the epidemiological purposes. Results The mean age of the respondents was 73.7±7.5 (60‒86 years). Different situations, as heavy housework, lifting/carrying heavy objects, lifting hands above the shoulder level, bending and squatting were identified that pose problems for elderly people. Based on these results, 3 scenario proposals were prepared, including situations: in the bathroom, in the supermarket, on a trip to the city. These scenarios were used to prepare the exercises in VR in the frame of European project – the Mixed Reality on Universal Design’s Secret Service (Mr. UD) Project. Conclusions The use of immersive technology such as VR can be beneficial for young people to be able to see perspectives of the elderly. Students from various fields (medicine, nursing, future engineers, designers, sociologists, etc.) may feel like the elderly and experience their daily challenges. Med Pr. 2023;74(3):159–7

A Combination of β-Aescin and Newly Synthesized Alkylamidobetaines as Modern Components Eradicating the Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Strains of <i>Candida glabrata</i>

The current trend in microbiological research aimed at limiting the development of biofilms of multidrug-resistant microorganisms is increasingly towards the search for possible synergistic effects between various compounds. This work presents a combination of a naturally occurring compound, β-aescin, newly synthesized alkylamidobetaines (AABs) with a general structure—CnTMDAB, and antifungal drugs. The research we conducted consists of several stages. The first stage concerns determining biological activity (antifungal) against selected multidrug-resistant strains of Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) with the highest ability to form biofilms. The second stage of this study determined the activity of β-aescin combinations with antifungal compounds and alkylamidobetaines. In the next stage of this study, the ability to eradicate a biofilm on the polystyrene surface of the combination of β-aescin with alkylamidobetaines was examined. It has been shown that the combination of β-aescin and alkylamidobetaine can firmly remove biofilms and reduce their viability. The last stage of this research was to determine the safety regarding the cytotoxicity of both β-aescin and alkylamidobetaines. Previous studies on the fibroblast cell line have shown that C9 alkylamidobetaine can be safely used as a component of anti-biofilm compounds. This research increases the level of knowledge about the practical possibilities of using anti-biofilm compounds in combined therapies against C. glabrata