Comparison of Selected Electronic Payment Methods with a Short Reference to Maritime Industry

U ovom radu prikazana je primjena osnovnih tipova platnih transakcija i elektroničkih sredstava plaćanja. Prikupljanjem i usporedbom određenog broja podataka, analizirane su različite primjene elektroničkih platnih transakcija na zahtjevnim svjetskim tržištima, s osvrtom na pomorstvo. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na zakonsku regulativu kojom Europska unija želi definirati i što bezbolnije uvesti elektronički novac kako bi se izbjegle nove nestabilnosti na financijskom tržištu. Na temelju obrade dostupnih podataka, polazeći od određenog pristupa načinu razvrstavanja platnih transakcija uz uporabu elektroničkih platnih sredstava, uz istaknutu ulogu elektroničkog novca i primjenu u pomorstvu, predložen je jedan od mogućih načina grupiranja čimbenika elektroničkog poslovanja u pomorskoj industriji.This paper has shows the application of the basic types of payment transactions and electronic means of payment. Collecting and comparing a number of data, various types of electronic payment transactions have been analyzed in the demanding worldwide markets, with emphasis on maritime transport. Special emphasis has been put on the EU regulative that aims to define and gradually introduce the electronic money so the new market instabilities would be avoided. Based on the processing of available data, classifying certain payment transactions, using electronic means of payment, emphasizing the role of electronic money, as well as applications in maritime transport, one possible model of grouping the e-business transactions within maritime industry is proposed

Testing TCP Traffic Congestion by Distributed Protocol Analysis and Statistical Modelling

In this paper, a solution is proposed for testing TCP congestion window process in a real-life network situation during stationary time intervals. With this respect, the architecture of hardware and expert-system-based distributed protocol analysis is presented that we used for data acquisition and testing, conducted on a major network with live traffic (Electronic Financial Transactions data transfer), as well as the appropriate algorithm for estimating the actual congestion window size from the measured data that mainly included decoding with precise time-stamps (100ns resolution locally and 1ms with GPS clock distribution) and expert-system comments, resulting from the appropriate processing of the network data, accordingly filtered prior to arriving to the special-hardware-based capture buffer. In addition, the paper presents the statistical analysis model that we developed for the evaluation whether the data belonged to the specific (in this case, normal) cumulative distribution function, or whether two data sets exhibit the same statistical distribution - the conditio sine qua non for a TCP-stable interval. Having identified such stationary intervals, it was found that the measured-data-based congestion window values exhibited very good fitting (with satisfactory statistical significance) to the truncated normal distribution. Finally, an appropriate model was developed and applied, for estimating the relevant parameters of the congestion window distribution: its mean value and the variance. KEY WORDS: protocol analysis, TCP-IP, testing, traffic congestion, statistical analysis, parameter estimatio

Comparison of Selected Electronic Payment Methods with a Short Reference to Maritime Industry

U ovom radu prikazana je primjena osnovnih tipova platnih transakcija i elektroničkih sredstava plaćanja. Prikupljanjem i usporedbom određenog broja podataka, analizirane su različite primjene elektroničkih platnih transakcija na zahtjevnim svjetskim tržištima, s osvrtom na pomorstvo. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na zakonsku regulativu kojom Europska unija želi definirati i što bezbolnije uvesti elektronički novac kako bi se izbjegle nove nestabilnosti na financijskom tržištu. Na temelju obrade dostupnih podataka, polazeći od određenog pristupa načinu razvrstavanja platnih transakcija uz uporabu elektroničkih platnih sredstava, uz istaknutu ulogu elektroničkog novca i primjenu u pomorstvu, predložen je jedan od mogućih načina grupiranja čimbenika elektroničkog poslovanja u pomorskoj industriji.This paper has shows the application of the basic types of payment transactions and electronic means of payment. Collecting and comparing a number of data, various types of electronic payment transactions have been analyzed in the demanding worldwide markets, with emphasis on maritime transport. Special emphasis has been put on the EU regulative that aims to define and gradually introduce the electronic money so the new market instabilities would be avoided. Based on the processing of available data, classifying certain payment transactions, using electronic means of payment, emphasizing the role of electronic money, as well as applications in maritime transport, one possible model of grouping the e-business transactions within maritime industry is proposed