Natural endogenous factors of geoecological transformation of the mountain part of North Ossetia

Geoecological transformation of the biocenosis habitat is an evolutionary process, predetermined by the interaction of the lithosphere with the hydrosphere, atmosphere and the solar system as a whole, under the condition of anthropogenic impact absence. Geoecological transformation occurs under the influence of many natural factors of an endogenous and exogenous nature, the effects of which in the mountainous areas are especially intensive and damageable, due to the sharp and intense exposure forms of exogenous factors of the erosive destruction, the presence of a large gravitational potential for a spatial removal of the destroyed material, poor protection of the bedrocks by biogeocenosis, low strength of terrigenous rocks, etc. The main factors of the intensive geoecological transformation of the mountain landscape are endogenous geodynamic processes. The Greater Caucasus, as the geosynclinal region of young Alpine orogenesis, is characterized by the active deep geodynamics, the focal zones of which can be activated in time and migrate in the lithosphere, as evidenced by the interchange of the periods of seismic activity and relative passivity of deep geodynamic processes (fault tectonics, seismicity and magmatic manifestations). A high density of the tectonic faults contributes to the weakening of rock strength in the zone of a faulting crop out due to jointing and claying along the friction planes

PARAMETERS OF ROCK STRUCTURES FOR UNDERGROUND ORE MINING

The concept of preservation of the earth's surface from destruction is realized in the present work through regulating the stresses by coordinating the processes of excavating the ore in time and space according to the criterion of stress minimization. Justification of technological solutions that ensure the preservation of the massif and the earth's surface above it due to the phenomenon of residual strength of disturbed rocks is the purpose of the article. The goal is achieved through analysis of mining practices, established behavior patterns of massifs with a discrete gravity-tectonic structural stress field and methods to ensure their stability by creating conditions for locking rocks within the dome of natural equilibrium. It is shown that the geomechanical balance of discrete rock structure is provided due to the residual bearing capacity of naturally and technologically depleted rocks. A solution is proposed for the prevention of critical stresses and their corresponding deformations by dividing the mine field into areas with a flat roofing, within which cost-minimized technologies can be applied. It is recommended to supplement the criterion of repayment optimality with the amount of compensation for damage to the environment. The typification of the mines depending on stability and disturbance of massifs is given. The condition of the solidity of the massif at various stages of existence is formulated - the condition of the geomechanical balance of the geomechanical system. The workings can be typified according to the stability, depending on the size of the structural blocks of rocks in the roof. The new classification of backfilling technologies with taking into account the phenomenon of rock blocks locking is proposed. Due to the residual bearing capacity of naturally and technologically depleted rocks, under underground mining of deposits there are rock constructions whose properties are corrected by dividing the mine field into geomechanically balanced sections with flat roofin

Assessment of the Influence of Astronomical Cyclicity on Sedimentation Processes in the Eastern Paratethys Based on Paleomagnetic Measurements Using Discrete Mathematical Analysis

The introduction of modern methods for the mathematical processing of geological data is one of the promising areas of study and development in the field of geosciences. For example, today mathematical geology makes it possible to reliably identify astronomical cycles by measuring the scalar magnetic parameters of rocks (magnetic susceptibility). The main aim of this study is to develop a mathematical tool for identifying stable oscillation cycles (periods) in the dataset of the magnetic susceptibility of rocks in a geological section. The author’s method (algorithm) is based on the concept of discrete mathematical analysis—an innovative mathematical approach to the analysis of discrete geological and geophysical data. Its reliability is also demonstrated, by comparison with the results obtained by classical methods: Fourier analysis, Lomb periodogram, and REDFIT. The proposed algorithm was applied by the authors to analyze the material of field geological studies of the Zhelezny Rog section (Taman Peninsula). As a result, stable cycles were determined for the Pontian and Lower Maeotian sedimentary strata of the Black Sea Basin (Paratethys)

Modeling of Coalmine Methane Flows to Estimate the Spacing of Primary Roof Breaks

The global challenge for the mining sector is the problem of “decarbonization” of coal mining. The modeling of emission flows of coalmine methane is stipulated by the need to prove the environmental effect of the implemented technological changes. For longwall geotechnology, the dynamics of methane concentration in the gas–air mixture extracted by the degassing system reflects the complex relationship between emission and geomechanical processes in the rock mass. In this regard, the aim of the work was to improve the methods for assessing the steps of caving the main roof when mining gas-coal seams. The method of work consisted of processing experimental data (smoothing—Loess, three-dimensional interpolation, regression—the method of least squares) to obtain reliable response functions in three-dimensional space. When developing algorithms in the Python language, the Vi Improved text editor was used. Graphical representation of the results was carried out in “Gnuplot”. As a result of modeling, it was found that the increase in the span of the main roof from 83 to 220 m (S = 1340–1120 m) in the distance range of 120 m in front of the stoping face line and up to 50 m behind it (L = −120–50 m) leads to an alternating cyclicity of local extrema of the dynamics of methane release, according to a polynomial dependence. This fact is a consequence of the implementation of deformation-wave processes in geo-environments, which produce cyclic nonlinearities in the nature of the aero-gas regime of mine methane emissions into anthropogenically disturbed rock masses. In addition, the influence of the situational geomechanical conditions of the excavation area in the goaf was clarified. This makes it possible to reliably identify the caving steps of the main roof

Modeling of Coalmine Methane Flows to Estimate the Spacing of Primary Roof Breaks

The global challenge for the mining sector is the problem of “decarbonization” of coal mining. The modeling of emission flows of coalmine methane is stipulated by the need to prove the environmental effect of the implemented technological changes. For longwall geotechnology, the dynamics of methane concentration in the gas–air mixture extracted by the degassing system reflects the complex relationship between emission and geomechanical processes in the rock mass. In this regard, the aim of the work was to improve the methods for assessing the steps of caving the main roof when mining gas-coal seams. The method of work consisted of processing experimental data (smoothing—Loess, three-dimensional interpolation, regression—the method of least squares) to obtain reliable response functions in three-dimensional space. When developing algorithms in the Python language, the Vi Improved text editor was used. Graphical representation of the results was carried out in “Gnuplot”. As a result of modeling, it was found that the increase in the span of the main roof from 83 to 220 m (S = 1340–1120 m) in the distance range of 120 m in front of the stoping face line and up to 50 m behind it (L = −120–50 m) leads to an alternating cyclicity of local extrema of the dynamics of methane release, according to a polynomial dependence. This fact is a consequence of the implementation of deformation-wave processes in geo-environments, which produce cyclic nonlinearities in the nature of the aero-gas regime of mine methane emissions into anthropogenically disturbed rock masses. In addition, the influence of the situational geomechanical conditions of the excavation area in the goaf was clarified. This makes it possible to reliably identify the caving steps of the main roof

Study of the object of the natural-technical system and determination of the static characteristics of ventilation

The article describes the analysis of the operation of existing production facilities for the extraction and processing of deposits. The study of the effective functioning of the natural-technical system in the extraction of a useful component of deposits is an extremely urgent and promising task. The purpose of the research is to study the object of the natural-technical system and determine the type of static ventilation characteristics. The tasks will be solved on the basis of a comprehensive study of the object of the natural-technical system. Experimental data necessary for constructing static characteristics associated with conducting a special experiment on the production site that violates the normal mode of ventilation is obtained. The research and development of a method for determining the static characteristics of ventilation objects, according to normal operation, which are obtained without interrupting the technological process of extracting the useful component

Study of the object of the natural-technical system and determination of the static characteristics of ventilation

The article describes the analysis of the operation of existing production facilities for the extraction and processing of deposits. The study of the effective functioning of the natural-technical system in the extraction of a useful component of deposits is an extremely urgent and promising task. The purpose of the research is to study the object of the natural-technical system and determine the type of static ventilation characteristics. The tasks will be solved on the basis of a comprehensive study of the object of the natural-technical system. Experimental data necessary for constructing static characteristics associated with conducting a special experiment on the production site that violates the normal mode of ventilation is obtained. The research and development of a method for determining the static characteristics of ventilation objects, according to normal operation, which are obtained without interrupting the technological process of extracting the useful component

DPS Clustering: New Results

The results presented in this paper are obtained as part of the continued development and research of clustering algorithms based on the discrete mathematical analysis. The article briefly describes the theory of Discrete Perfect Sets (DPS-sets) that is the basis for the construction of DPS-clustering algorithms. The main task of the previously constructed DPS-algorithms is to search for clusters in multidimensional arrays with noise. DPS-algorithms have two stages: the first stage is the recognition of the maximum perfect set of a given density level from the initial array, the second stage is the partitioning of the result of the first stage into connected components, which are considered to be clusters. Study of qualities of DPS-algorithms showed that, in a number of situations in the first stage, the result does not include all clusters which have practical sense. In the second stage, partitioning into connected components can lead to unnecessarily small clusters. Simple variation of parameters in DPS-algorithms does not allow for eliminating these drawbacks. The present paper is devoted to the construction on the basis of DPS-algorithms of their new versions, more free from these drawbacks

Strong Earthquake-Prone Areas in the Eastern Sector of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

This paper continues the series of publications by the authors on the recognition of areas prone to the strongest, strong, and significant earthquakes using the FCAZ system-analytical method. The areas prone to earthquakes with M ≥ 5.5 in the eastern sector of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were recognized. It is shown that certain potential high seismicity zones are well confined to the boundaries of the Eurasian, North American, and Okhotsk tectonic plates. In addition, according to the results of the FCAZ recognition, some areas located at a sufficient distance from the main tectonic structures of the studied region were also recognized as highly seismic. The results of the study, among other factors, justify the use of the assessment of the completeness magnitude in the catalog for choosing the set of recognition objects for the FCAZ method

Development of the Algorithmic Basis of the FCAZ Method for Earthquake-Prone Area Recognition

The present paper continues the series of publications by the authors devoted to solving the problem of recognition regions with potential high seismicity. It is aimed at the development of the mathematical apparatus and the algorithmic base of the FCAZ method, designed for effective recognition of earthquake-prone areas. A detailed description of both the mathematical algorithms included in the FCAZ in its original form and those developed in this paper is given. Using California as an example, it is shown that a significantly developed algorithmic FCAZ base makes it possible to increase the reliability and accuracy of FCAZ recognition. In particular, a number of small zones located at a fairly small distance from each other but having a close “internal” connection are being connected into single large, high-seismicity areas