Papanicolaou Test in an Urban STD Clinic: The Good and Bad News

The objective of the study was to review Pap test results and follow-ups in an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic in Miami, Florida. We reviewed the results of all Pap tests conducted in the clinic during 2005. All the samples were processed by a single commercial laboratory. We attempted to contact clients with abnormal results other than inflammation to return to the clinic. Results: of the 849 samples, 622 (73.3%) were normal, 211 (24.8%) were abnormal (inflammation 76 (9.0%), ASCUS 68 (8%), and LGSIL or higher 64 (7.5%), and 16 (1.9%) were considered unsatisfactory for cytological interpretation. We were able to contact only 57% of the clients that needed to return to the clinic. The rate of abnormal cervical cytology reported in this clinic in 2005 was well above the national average. A significant fraction, 43%, of clients who had abnormal results were unable to be contacted for follow-up

ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫЙ РАК МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У МУЖЧИНЫ С ПЕРВИЧНО-МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫМИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯМИ (КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИМЕР)

A case report of polyneoplasia in a male patient with induced breast cancer demonstrates current trends in drug therapy for multiple primary cancers.Представленное клиническое наблюдение полинеоплазии у мужчины с индуцированным раком молочной железы демонстрирует современные возможности лекарственной терапии первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований

Bronchogenic Garcinoma in Babylon of 50 Patients

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A mathematical model of Doxorubicin treatment efficacy on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Investigation of current protocol through theoretical modelling results

Doxorubicin treatment outcomes for non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) are mathematically modelled and computationally analyzed. The NHL model includes a tumor structure incorporating mature and immature vessels, vascular structural adaptation and NHL cell-cycle kinetics in addition to Doxorubicin pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Simulations provide qualitative estimations of the effect of Doxorubicin on high-grade (HG), intermediate-grade (IG) and low-grade (LG) NHL. Simulation results imply that if the interval between successive drug applications is prolonged beyond a certain point, treatment will be inefficient due to effects caused by heterogeneous blood flow in the system

Pattern of head and neck cancers among patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital Tanzania

Background: It is estimated that there are more than 640,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths due to head and neck cancers (HNCA) each year worldwide. Lack of baseline data in Tanzania concerning head and neck malignancies makes it difficult to appreciate the pattern and magnitude of the problem in the country. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of head and neck cancers among patients attending the Otorhinolaryngology Department at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: All inpatients and outpatients with histologically proven malignant lesions in the head and neck region who attended the Otorhinolaryngology department of Muhimbili National Hospital between 1st July 2012 and 31st January 2013 were enrolled in the study. A special designed questionnaire was used for data collection. Clinical examination, computed tomography scan and/or magnetic resonance image were done accordingly, followed by fine needle aspiration cytology and/or tissue biopsy. Results: A total of 113 patients, 75 (66.3%) males and 38 (33.7.0%) females with a male to female ratio 2:1 were involved in the study. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 51±18. Patients below age of 40 years accounted for 28.4% of all head and neck cancer patients. The commonest observed anatomical location was nasal and paranasal sinuses (23.9%) followed by the larynx (20%). Carcinoma accounted for 94% of head and neck cancers in which squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent (74%). Lymphoma (2%) was the least frequent histological variant encountered. Nasal and paranasal sinuses had the most histological variations of all anatomical locations of head and neck cancer.Conclusion: This study shows a significant number of head and neck cancer patients in a younger generation and a high magnitude of sinonasal cancerrelative to other head and neck cancer

Weight gain in females with a diagnosis of breast cancer

A study was done on 213 female subjects with a diagnosis of breast cancer and weight changes. The study tested the hypotheses: (a) Women with Stage I or II breast cancer gain weight. (b) Women with stage I breast cancer gain more weight than those with stage II. (c) Women with stage II breast cancer on adjuvant chemotherapy gain more weight than women with stage I or II on Tamoxifen alone. (d) Women with breast cancer who gain weight do not lose it after treatment ends; Findings failed to support null hypotheses a and d, but did b and c. A weight gain was noted in both stage I and II disease. At the 24 month mark women with stage I disease gained more than those with stage II but not significantly. Women with stage II disease on adjuvant therapy gained more weight than the Tamoxifen group but not significantly. At the 24 month mark women with stage II disease had leveled off in their weight but stage I women appeared to be on an upward curve of weight gain; The findings suggest further investigation of the cause of as well as actual weight gain in this population

Molecular Detection of Bladder Cancer by Fluorescence Microsatellite Analysis and an Automated Genetic Analyzing System

To investigate the ability of an automated fluorescent analyzing system to detect microsatellite alterations, in patients with bladder cancer. We investigated 11 with pathology proven bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) for microsatellite alterations in blood, urine, and tumor biopsies. DNA was prepared by standard methods from blood, urine and resected tumor specimens, and was used for microsatellite analysis. After the primers were fluorescent labeled, amplification of the DNA was performed with PCR. The PCR products were placed into the automated genetic analyser (ABI Prism 310, Perkin Elmer, USA) and were subjected to fluorescent scanning with argon ion laser beams. The fluorescent signal intensity measured by the genetic analyzer measured the product size in terms of base pairs. We found loss of heterozygocity (LOH) or microsatellite alterations (a loss or gain of nucleotides, which alter the original normal locus size) in all the patients by using fluorescent microsatellite analysis and an automated analyzing system. In each case the genetic changes found in urine samples were identical to those found in the resected tumor sample. The studies demonstrated the ability to detect bladder tumor non-invasively by fluorescent microsatellite analysis of urine samples. Our study supports the worldwide trend for the search of non-invasive methods to detect bladder cancer. We have overcome major obstacles that prevented the clinical use of an experimental system. With our new tested system microsatellite analysis can be done cheaper, faster, easier and with higher scientific accuracy