Ponte miocárdica: revisão de literatura

Introdução: A ponte do miocárdio (PM) trata-se de uma patologia congênita coronariana onde um ou mais feixes de músculo cardíaco envolvem um segmento da artéria coronária, sendo a mais comum a artéria anterior esquerda. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre ponte do miocárdio. Justificativa: A escassez na literatura sobre a PM objetivou a realização desse projeto. Metodologia: A pesquisa realizada neste trabalho é uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Foram realizadas buscas no PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scielo utilizando os descritores “myocardial bridging” e “ponte miocárdica”, sendo pesquisados apenas artigos de meta-análise e artigos de revisão. Desenvolvimento: Na maioria dos casos, a PM trata-se de uma patologia benigna e por isso bastante subdiagnosticada, mas nos pacientes sintomáticos manifestações da PM se assemelham à angina típica ou atípica e, em alguns casos, o próprio infarto agudo do miocárdio. A Cineangiocoronariografia é o exame padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da PM. Nos pacientes sintomáticos a primeira linha consiste no tratamento farmacológico utilizando betabloqueadores e bloqueadores de canais de cálcio, nos pacientes refratários estão indicados procedimentos invasivos. Considerações finais: Portanto, a PM pode resultar em quadros mais graves e até mesmo morte súbita sendo necessário a investigação desta patologia nos pacientes após a terceira década de vida com quadro clínico sugestivo, sendo recomendado para esses pacientes o início do tratamento farmacológico

Apendicectomia: Benefícios da videolaparoscopia comparada à convencional no Brasil em pacientes pediátricos

INTRODUÇÃO: A apendicite aguda é resultado da infecção e inflamação do apêndice, sendo comum na pediatria. O tratamento é cirúrgico e existem opções para a realização, sendo: apendicectomia aberta ou videolaparoscópica. METODOLOGIA: Revisão de literatura, na base de dados Google Scholar. Palavras-chave: apendicectomia aberta, videolaparoscópica, convencional. Foram descartados os artigos que não associavam as variáveis selecionadas pelo trabalho e selecionados seis artigos. RESULTADOS: A média do tempo de permanência hospitalar foi de 3,5 dias para a videolaparoscopia e 4,7 para a aberta. A taxa de pacientes que apresentaram complicações no pós-operatório foi de 5% na videolaparoscópica e 30% em cirurgia aberta. A videolaparoscopia apresentou uma redução de 60% de mortalidade em relação a via aberta. CONCLUSÕES: A apendicectomia videolaparoscópica mostrou significativa vantagem em relação à aberta. Entretanto, ainda são necessários estudos complementares para melhor comparar as duas técnicas nessa faixa etária

Papel da avaliação de fragilidade no pré-operatório de cirurgias vasculares: revisão integrativa da literatura

Cirurgias vasculares são cada vez mais realizadas, especialmente por conta do envelhecimento da população global. Sabe-se que a fragilidade está associada a um maior risco de complicações pós-operatórias e aumento do tempo de permanência hospitalar após cirurgia vascular. Além disso, pacientes frágeis frequentemente apresentam múltiplas comorbidades associadas que aumentam o risco de desfechos indesejados. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a importância da avaliação de fragilidade sobre os resultados pós-operatórios de pacientes candidatos a cirurgias vasculares. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada pela seleção de artigos científicos originais de bibliografias nacionais e internacionais, que abordem as variáveis envolvidas na aplicação da avaliação de fragilidade no pré-operatório de cirurgias vasculares. Atualmente compreende-se que as medidas de fragilidade têm um efeito maior e um valor discriminativo mais alto para prever eventos adversos do que apenas a idade de forma isolada. A utilização de métodos avaliativos da fragilidade no pré-operatório de pacientes eleitos a cirurgias vasculares é fundamental na predição de morbimortalidade e possíveis complicações advindas desses procedimentos. Diversos métodos de avaliação são utilizados para tal finalidade, como o Índice de Fragilidade (FI) e o Índice de Fragilidade Modificado (mFI). O mFI é a ferramenta de avaliação mais difundida em cirurgia vascular, por ser relativamente conveniente e de fácil aplicação, no entanto, a literatura relata uma ampla variedade de abordagens não padronizadas, permitindo a manutenção de índices de morbimortalidade que ainda poderiam ser reduzidos nos serviços vasculares. Assim sendo, a criação de um método específico e padronizado de avaliação de fragilidade nas cirurgias vasculares é de fundamental importância para a segurança da população de pacientes submetidos a esse tipo de procedimento

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others