4 research outputs found
Ocena jako艣ci handlowych m膮k ca艂oziarnowych - pszennej orkiszowej, pszennej zwyczajnej i 偶ytniej oraz uzyskanych z nich zakwas贸w spontanicznych Quality Assessment of Commercial Wholegrain Flours Produced from Spelt Wheat, Common Wheat and Rye, and of Spontaneous Sourdough Prepared with Them
Celem pracy by艂a pr贸ba wyprodukowania zakwas贸w spontanicznych z ca艂oziarnowej m膮ki z pszenicy zwyczajnej, pszenicy orkisz oraz z m膮ki 偶ytniej. W badanych m膮kach oznaczono zawarto艣膰: wody, popio艂u, wybranych sk艂adnik贸w mineralnych, bia艂ka og贸艂em, t艂uszczu surowego, b艂onnika pokarmowego, wybranych mikotoksyn oraz fosforan贸w mio-inozytolu. Oznaczono ponadto kwasowo艣膰 t艂uszczow膮, kwasowo艣膰 potencjaln膮, liczb臋 opadania (LO) oraz ilo艣膰 glutenu i indeks glutenowy. Ze wszystkich ca艂oziarnowych m膮k sporz膮dzono zakwasy, kt贸re kontrolowano przez 4 dni poprzez oznaczanie kwasowo艣ci czynnej (pH) i kwasowo艣ci potencjalnej.
Ca艂oziarnowe m膮ki z pszenicy orkisz odznacza艂y si臋 wi臋ksz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 bia艂ka, zwi膮zk贸w t艂uszczowych i zwi膮zk贸w mineralnych, ale mniejsz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 b艂onnika ca艂kowitego w por贸wnaniu z m膮kami uzyskanymi z pszenicy zwyczajnej i 偶yta. Wszystkie m膮ki ca艂oziarnowe (z wyj膮tkiem orkiszowej MO1) charakteryzowa艂y si臋 podobn膮 zawarto艣ci膮 fosforan贸w mio-inozytolu w formie IP6 i IP2, jedynie m膮ka 偶ytnia odznacza艂a si臋 dodatkowo formami IP5 i IP3. W 偶adnej z badanych m膮k pszennych nie oznaczono zawarto艣ci mikotoksyn, tj. DON i zearalenonu, z wyj膮tkiem m膮ki z pszenicy orkisz MO1, w kt贸rej zidentyfikowano 艣ladowe jego ilo艣ci. Zakwasy otrzymane z m膮k ca艂oziarnowych z pszenicy orkisz po 72 h fermentacji w temp. 30 潞C charakteryzowa艂y si臋 wi臋ksz膮 kwasowo艣ci膮 w por贸wnaniu z zakwasami z m膮ki z pszenicy zwyczajnej, a bardziej zbli偶on膮 do zakwas贸w 偶ytnich. Zatem wszystkie otrzymane zakwasy mo偶na stosowa膰 do produkcji chleb贸w ze 100-procentowej m膮ki ca艂oziarnowej z 偶yta, pszenicy orkisz i pszenicy zwyczajnej, w miejsce stosowanego dotychczas w praktyce zakwasu 偶ytniego.
The objective of the study was an attempt to produce spontaneous sourdoughs from wholegrain flours made from common wheat, spelt wheat, and rye. In the flours analyzed, the following was determined: water content, ash, selected mineral components, total protein, raw fat, dietary fibre, selected mycotoxins, and myo-inositol phosphates. Moreover, there were determined fat acidity, potential acidity, falling number as well as the content of gluten and gluten index. Using every type of the wholegrain flours tested, sourdoughs were produced; they were, further, monitored for 4 days by determining the active acidity (pH) and titratable acidity.
In comparison to flours made from common wheat and rye, the wholegrain spelt wheat flours were distinguished by higher contents of protein, fat, and mineral compounds; however, they had less total fibre. All the wholegrain flours (except MO1 spelt flour) were characterized by a similar content of myoinositol phosphates in the form of IP6 and IP2, but only the rye flour was additionally distinguished by the IP5 and IP3 forms. Mycotoxins, i.e. DON and zearalenone, were not found in any wheat flours except for the MO1 spelt flour, in which trace amounts of zearalenone were identified. Sourdoughs produced from the wholegrain spelt flour after the 72 h fermentation at 30 潞C were characterized by a greater acidity compared to those produced from the wheat flour and their acidity was more similar to that of the rye sourdoughs. Thus, all the types of sourdough obtained can be used to produce bread from 100 % wholegrain flour made from rye, spelt, and common wheat
Developing lactic acid bacteria starter cultures for wholemeal rye flour bread with improved functionality, nutritional value, taste, appearance and safety
Starter cultures composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were developed based on the genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of isolates belonging to dominant groups of bacteria in spontaneous rye wholemeal sourdoughs. Combinations of strains have been evaluated on an industrial scale in the sourdough fermentation process. Wholemeal rye bread was prepared using sourdoughs obtained with 3 new starter cultures, and compared to bread made using the commercial culture (LV2). All newly developed cultures used for the preparation of wholemeal rye bread allowed to obtain better quality products as compared to the LV2 based bread. The best results were obtained when the culture containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 2MI8 and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Weissella confusa/cibaria 6PI3 strains was applied. The addition of yeast during sourdough breads production, especially the one prepared from mentioned above starter culture, significantly improved their organoleptic properties, their volume and crumb moisture was increased, and also the crumb acidity and hardness was reduced. Fermentation of rye wholemeal dough, especially without the yeast addition, resulted in a significant reduction in the content of higher inositol phosphates as compared to the applied flour, which is associated with improved bioavailability of minerals. The results of this study prove that the investigated new starter cultures can be successfully applied in wholemeal rye bread production
Jako艣膰 i proces starzenia si臋 chleb贸w z razowych m膮k pszennych: z pszenicy zwyczajnej i orkisz oraz z 偶yta. Quality and Aging of Bread from Wholemeal Common Wheat and Spelt Flours, and from Wholemeal Rye Flour
Celem pracy by艂a ocena jako艣ci chleb贸w z razowej m膮ki pszennej z pszenicy zwyczajnej i orkiszowej oraz z 偶yta, uzyskanych na zakwasie spontanicznym z m膮ki razowej z danego zbo偶a oraz okre艣lenie procesu starzenia si臋 tego pieczywa w trakcie przechowywania. W piekarni "Vini" sporz膮dzono z wymienionych trzech m膮k razowych zakwasy spontaniczne i dodano je w odpowiedniej proporcji do sporz膮dzenia ciasta. Z 600-gramowych k臋s贸w ciasta wypieczono chleby i po och艂odzeniu oznaczono ich mas臋, zmierzono obj臋to艣膰, wyliczono strat臋 wypiekow膮 ca艂kowit膮 oraz wykonano ocen臋 organoleptyczn膮. We wszystkich chlebach oznaczono zawarto艣膰: wody, bia艂ka og贸艂em, b艂onnika pokarmowego (frakcji rozpuszczalnej i nierozpuszczalnej), popio艂u (wybranych makro- i mikroelement贸w), t艂uszczu surowego, wybranych mikotoksyn, fosforan贸w mio-inozytolu, substancji kszta艂tuj膮cych smak i zapach oraz akryloamidu. Wykonano r贸wnie偶 pomiary profilu tekstury mi臋kiszu w dniu wypieku oraz podczas 7-dobowego przechowywania. Oznaczono liczb臋 tlenowych bakterii amylolitycznych (OLBA), liczb臋 tlenowych przetrwalnikuj膮cych bakterii amylolitycznych (OLBAP), liczb臋 dro偶d偶y i ple艣ni (OLG) w 1 g pieczywa oraz trwa艂o艣膰 termostatow膮 pieczywa po 1., 2., 5. i 7. dobie przechowywania. Najwi臋ksz膮 obj臋to艣ci膮 wyr贸偶nia艂y si臋 chleby z m膮ki z pszenicy zwyczajnej graham i one te偶 uzyska艂y najlepsz膮 akceptacj臋 konsument贸w w ocenie organoleptycznej, zw艂aszcza za smak i zapach. Chleby 偶ytnie i z m膮ki z pszenicy orkisz cechowa艂y si臋 podobn膮 obj臋to艣ci膮 bochenk贸w, przy czym chleby 偶ytnie w wi臋kszym stopniu ni偶 orkiszowe by艂y akceptowane przez konsument贸w. W chlebach z m膮ki pszennej, zar贸wno graham, jak i orkiszowej oznaczono zbli偶ony stosunek zawarto艣ci kwasu mlekowego do octowego - 艣rednio 78 : 22, natomiast w chlebie 偶ytnim udzia艂 kwasu mlekowego by艂 mniejszy, octowego - wi臋kszy ni偶 w pieczywie pszennym, a stosunek zawarto艣ci kwasu mlekowego do octowego wynosi艂 艣rednio 68 : 32. W chlebie razowym 偶ytnim oznaczono najwi臋ksz膮 zawarto艣膰 glukozy. W chlebach razowych pszennych, zar贸wno orkiszowych, jak i graham, w odr贸偶nieniu od chleb贸w 偶ytnich, oznaczono zar贸wno ni偶sze fosforany mio-inozytolu (IP3 i IP2), jak i wy偶sze fosforany tego zwi膮zku - IP5 i IP4. W razowych chlebach orkiszowych nie oznaczono nawet 艣ladowych zawarto艣ci akryloamidu, a w pozosta艂ych chlebach ilo艣ci tego zwi膮zku by艂y 艣ladowe. Badane chleby wykaza艂y du偶膮 trwa艂o艣膰 mikrobiologiczn膮. W dniu wypieku najwi臋ksz膮 wilgotno艣ci膮 mi臋kiszu odznacza艂y si臋 chleby 偶ytnie (ok. 50 %), natomiast 艣rednia wilgotno艣膰 mi臋kiszu chleb贸w pszennych (orkiszowych i graham) wynosi艂a ok. 47,5 %. Po 7 dobach przechowywania wilgotno艣膰 mi臋kiszu wszystkich chleb贸w zmniejszy艂a si臋 w bardzo ma艂ym stopniu - o 0,5 梅 1 p.p., mimo to zaobserwowano post臋puj膮cy wzrost jego twardo艣ci podczas przechowywania, najmniejszy w chlebach 偶ytnich. (abstrakt oryginalny)
The objective of the research study was to assess the quality of bread baked from wholemeal common wheat and spelt wheat wholemeal flours, and from a rye wholemeal flour using a spontaneous sourdough based on the respective wholemeal flour derived from a given cereal, and to determine the aging process of this bread during storage. In a conventional bakery, spontaneous sourdough starters were made from the above named three types of flour and added to the dough in an appropriate proportion. The 600 g pieces of the dough were baked and, after cooling, their weight was determined, their volume was measured, a baking loss was calculated, and an organoleptic assessment was performed. In all the bread loaves, there were determined the contents of: water, total protein, dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble fractions), ash (of the selected macro- and microelements), raw fat, some selected micotoxins, myoinositol phospates, substances that give bread its taste and aroma, and acrylamid. Also, the texture profile of bread crumb was measured on the day of baking and during a 7 day period of storage. Moreover, in 1 g of bread, the count of aerobic amylolytic bacteria (OLBA) was determined as were the counts of sporeforming aerobic amylolytic bacteria (OLBAP), yeasts and moulds (OLG); the thermostatic stability of bread was determined after the 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th day of storage. Bread baked from the common wheat Graham flour was characterized by the highest volume and the samples of this bread received, especially for its smell and taste, the highest acceptance of the consumers, who assessed them organoleptically. The rye and spelt bread loaves were characterized by a comparable loaf volume; however, the rye bread was accepted higher by the consumers than the spelt bread. In the bread made from both the common wheat and spelt wheat flour, a similar ratio was determined of lactic to acetic acid (68/32, on average). The highest level of glucose was measured in the rye bread. In contrast to the rye bread, in the bread produced from common and spelt wholemeal flours, there were determined lower contents of myo-inositol phosphates (IP3 and IP2) and higher contents of phosphates of that compound (IP5 and IP4). In the bread from spelt wholemeal flour, even trace contents of acrylamide were not found, and in the other bread loaves, trace amounts of this compound were determined. The bread analysed had a high microbiological stability. On the day of baking, the highest moisture content was reported in the rye bread loaves (approx. 50 %) while the average content of moisture was 47.5 % in the crumb of wheat bread (from common Graham and spelt wheat flour). After 7 days of storage, the moisture content in all the bread loaves decreased to a very low degree: 0.5 to 1 p.p., although their crumbs progressively hardened during storage; the rye bread crumb hardened the slowest. (original abstract
Dataset (sourdough and bread analysis) "Developing lactic acid bacteria starter cultures for wholemeal rye flour bread with improved functionality, nutritional value, taste, appearance and safety"
Dataset including:
- Chemical composition
- Organic acids
- Phytate
- Alcohols and sugars
- Quality
- Texture and moisture
- Organoleptic assesment
- Active and potential acidity changes during sourdough fermentatio