Delitos contra la seguridad vial

Año tras año, los accidentes de tráfico son causa de la muerte de alrededor de 1,25 millones de personas en todo el mundo, la mitad de éstas pertenecen a “usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública” como son peatones, ciclistas o motociclistas. Sin llegar al extremo mortal, pueden causar igualmente lesiones y secuelas a las víctimas, originando un grave perjuicio económico tanto para estas como para sus familiares, e incluso para la economía de los países en general, debido a que los costes de los tratamientos requeridos son notablemente elevados. Todo el encaje punitivo que analizaremos a continuación se presenta como un impulso de política criminal en materia de seguridad vial, castigando no solo al autor de un homicidio o de lesiones imprudentes implicado en un siniestro de tráfico, sino también aquellas conductas peligrosas, aunque de ellas no se deriven resultados de lesiones ni muertes. Aunque a priori pueda parecer una utopía, las políticas viales españolas van encaminadas hacia la denominada “Visión Cero”, cero muertos en la carretera. La vía y el entorno, el vehículo y el factor humano forman un sistema responsable para garantizar que el accidente no se produzca y, en caso de que este se produzca, las consecuencias sean las mínimas posibles. Dentro del factor humano, el alcohol, la velocidad, las drogas y la conducción temeraria, son los elementos que mayores datos de siniestralidadDepartamento de Derecho Penal e Historia y Teoría del DerechoGrado en Derech

Development of formal dynamic models with Microsoft Excel for greenhouse climate control.

Simple climate models performed with a widespread computer tool (Microsoft® Excel) could be useful for researchers or even greenhouse growers. A model of this type was used in three independent studies (heating, ventilation and cooling). The error in the calculation of temperature was lower than 2.5 ºC, and the error in the calculation of relative humidity was lower than 9%, in the validation of the model. The main advantage of the method of modelling is the possibility of fitting the coefficients with the tool SOLVER of Microsoft® Excel in each greenhouse, an easy method for both scientist and growers

Rehabilitación de un taller de prácticas para la adaptación a las nuevas titulaciones según el proceso de Bolonia en la EUIT Agrícola (UPM).

El proceso de Bolonia supone una gran oportunidad para aplicar en el aula nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje activo. Sin embargo, estas técnicas necesitan la adaptación de las instalaciones de los distintos centros ya que la mayoría de las aulas, laboratorios y talleres tienen una distribución correcta para el desarrollo de clases magistrales, dificultando la realización de distintas técnicas grupales. Las nuevas titulaciones, orientadas a una mayor cooperación y adquisición de competencias transversales asociadas al trabajo grupal requieren, por tanto, la adaptación de estas instalaciones para la consecución de los objetivos de las asignaturas incluidas en los nuevos planes de estudio. En la Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola han finalizado las obras del taller de prácticas del departamento de Ingeniería Rural, donde se pretende mejorar la calidad docente orientando la docencia hacia las nuevas metodologías de enseñanza que vendrán determinadas con la implantación de las nuevas titulaciones adaptadas al EEES

Un equipo para medir el tamaño de frutas y hortalizas

En la presente nota resumimos el funcionamiento y algunos resultados obtenidos con un equipo para la medición del tamaño -y bajo ciertas circunstancias de la forma- de productos de forma irregular como frutas y hortalizas, con el que hemos trabajado en los últimos años en el Laboratorio de Propiedades Físicas y Técnicas Avanzadas en Agroalirnentación (grupo de investigación de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)

Physics and Mathematics in the Engineering Curriculum: Correlation with Applied Subjects

This paper presents a study in which the relationship between basic subjects (Mathematics and Physics) and applied engineering subjects (related to Machinery, Electrical Engineering, Topography and Buildings) in higher engineering education curricula is evaluated. The analysis has been conducted using the academic records of 206 students for five years. Furthermore, 34 surveys and personal interviews were conducted to analyze the connections between the contents taught in each subject and to identify student perceptions of the correlation with other subjects or disciplines. At the same time, the content of the different subjects have been analyzed to verify the relationship among the disciplines.Aproper coordination among subjects will allow students to relate and interconnect topics of different subjects, even with the ones learnt in previous courses, while also helping to reduce dropout rates and student failures in successfully accomplishing the different courses

Experimental results and modelling of humidity control strategies from greenhouses in continental and coastal setting in the Mediterranean regíon. I : Experimental results and model development.

Experimental strategies for controlling humidity were compared in a greenhouse sited in Madrid, a continental site in the Mediterranean region. Small roof window apertures significantly reduced the relative humidity with only a limited increase in associated energy consumption. A simplified climate model with four energy exchange terms (heating, insolation, losses through structure, and losses through windows) and three mass exchange terms (evapotranspiration, losses through structure, and losses through windows) was validated, allowing relative humidity to be predicted with an error of < 9%. - Se ensayaron una serie de estrategias experimentales para el control de la humedad en un invernadero de Madrid, España. Se comprobó que pequeñas aperturas de la ventana cenital reducían significativamente el nivel de humedad con limitados incrementos del consumo de energía en calefacción. Se validó un modelo climático simplificado con cuatro términos de intercambio de energía (calefacción, radiación solar, pérdidas a través de la cubierta y pérdidas a través de las ventanas) y tres términos de intercambio de humedad (evapotranspiración, pérdidas a través de la cubierta y pérdidas a través de las ventanas), modelo que permitió predecir la humedad relativa con un error inferior al 9%

Wind pumps for irrigating greenhouse crops: Comparison in different socio-economical frameworks

A methodology is applied for economic evaluation of water pumping technologies. Different socioeconomic frameworks are considered for Spain, Cuba and Pakistan. The levelised cost of energy is used to determine the best technology. Wind speed, distance to grid, water storage size and elevation are considered. The water elevation has greater influence on wind pumps than on solar PV pumping

Rates of asthma attacks in patients with previously inadequately controlled mild asthma treated in clinical practice with combination drug therapy: an exploratory post-hoc analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Differences could exist in the likelihood of asthma attacks in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting beta-agonist (LABA), and montelukast (MON) (ICS/LABA/MON) and patients treated with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and montelukast (MON) (ICS/MON).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a post-hoc analysis of a pretest-posttest retrospective cohort study. Patients with mild persistent asthma and allergic rhinitis, who were taking an ICS either alone or in combination with a LABA, started concomitant MON treatment as part of their routine care. Rates of asthma- and allergic rhinitis-related medical resource use in the 12-months after the initial (index) MON prescription were compared in the ICS/MON and ICS/LABA/MON groups. An asthma attack was defined as an asthma-related hospitalization, ER visit, or use of an oral corticosteroid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the total of 344 patients, 181 (53%) received ICS/MON and 163 (47%) received ICS/LABA/MON in the post-index period for means of 10.5 and 11.4 months, respectively, (P < 0.05). Short-acting beta-agonists were used by 74.6% in the ICS/MON and 71.8% in the ICS/LABA/MON groups (P > 0.05). An asthma attack occurred in 4.4% of the ICS/MON group and 6.8% of the ICS/LABA/MON group (P > 0.05). The adjusted odds of an asthma attack in the post-index period in the ICS/LABA/MON group relative to the ICS/MON group was 1.24, 95% confidence interval 0.35–4.44.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this observational study of combination drug treatment of mild persistent asthma and allergic rhinitis, no difference was observed between LABA/ICS/MON combination therapy and the ICS/MON combination without LABA use, for the rate of asthma attacks over one year.</p

Cellular expression, trafficking, and function of two isoforms of human ULBP5/RAET1G

Background: The activating immunoreceptor NKG2D is expressed on Natural Killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. NKG2D contributes to anti-tumour and anti-viral immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The ligands for NKG2D in humans are diverse proteins of the MIC and ULBP/RAET families that are upregulated on the surface of virally infected cells and tumours. Two splicing variants of ULBP5/RAET1G have been cloned previously, but not extensively characterised. Methodology/Principal Findings: We pursue a number of approaches to characterise the expression, trafficking, and function of the two isoforms of ULBP5/RAET1G. We show that both transcripts are frequently expressed in cell lines derived from epithelial cancers, and in primary breast cancers. The full-length transcript, RAET1G1, is predicted to encode a molecule with transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains that are unique amongst NKG2D ligands. Using specific anti-RAET1G1 antiserum to stain tissue microarrays we show that RAET1G1 expression is highly restricted in normal tissues. RAET1G1 was expressed at a low level in normal gastrointestinal epithelial cells in a similar pattern to MICA. Both RAET1G1 and MICA showed increased expression in the gut of patients with celiac disease. In contrast to healthy tissues the RAET1G1 antiserum stained a wide variety or different primary tumour sections. Both endogenously expressed and transfected RAET1G1 was mainly found inside the cell, with a minority of the protein reaching the cell surface. Conversely the truncated splicing variant of RAET1G2 was shown to encode a soluble molecule that could be secreted from cells. Secreted RAET1G2 was shown to downregulate NKG2D receptor expression on NK cells and hence may represent a novel tumour immune evasion strategy. Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrate that the expression patterns of ULBP5RAET1G are very similar to the well-characterised NKG2D ligand, MICA. However the two isoforms of ULBP5/RAET1G have very different cellular localisations that are likely to reflect unique functionality