Chiral and nodal superconductors in t-J model with valley contrasting flux on triangular moir\'e lattice

Recent experimental progresses have made it possible to simulate spin 1/2 Hubbard model on triangular lattice in moir\'e materials formed by transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayer or homobilayer. In twisted TMD homobilayer, a vertical electric field can induce a valley contrasting flux in the hopping term. In this paper we study possible superconductors from a t-J model with valley contrasting flux $\Phi$ using the slave boson mean field theory. We obtain a phase diagram with doping $x$ and $\Phi$. A finite $\Phi$ breaks spin rotation symmetry and the pairing symmetry is a superposition of spin singlet $d-id$ and spin triplet $p+ip$. There are two topological phase transitions when tuning $\Phi$ from $0$ to $\pi$, with three Dirac nodes at one transition and one single Dirac node at the other transition. We also discuss the effects of van Hove singularity and a three-site correlated hopping term on the pairing strength. Lastly, we demonstrate that a small anisotropy term breaking the $C_3$ rotation can lead to a time reversal invariant nodal superconductor connected to the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ superconductor on square lattice

Approximate SU(4) spin models on triangular and honeycomb lattices in twisted AB-Stacked WSe2_2 homo-bilayer

In this paper, we derive lattice models for the narrow moir\'e bands of the AB-stacked twisted WSe$_2$ homobilayer through continuum model and Wannier orbital construction. Previous work has shown that an approximate SU(4) Hubbard model may be realized by combining spin and layer because inter-layer tunneling is suppressed due to spin $S_z$ conservation. However, Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) was ignored in the previous analysis. Here, we show that a Rashba SOC of reasonable magnitude can induce a finite but very small inter-layer hopping in the final lattice Hubbard model. At total filling $n=1$, we derive a spin-layer model on a triangular lattice in the large-U limit where the inter-layer tunneling contributes as a sublattice-dependent transverse Ising field for the layer pseudospin. We then show that the $n=2$ Mott insulator is also captured by an approximate SU(4) spin model, but now on honeycomb lattice. We comment on the possibility of a Dirac spin liquid (DSL) and competing phases due to SU(4) anisotropy terms

BodyScan: Enabling Radio-based Sensing on Wearable Devices for Contactless Activity and Vital Sign Monitoring

Wearable devices are increasingly becoming mainstream consumer products carried by millions of consumers. However, the potential impact of these devices is currently constrained by fundamental limitations of their built-in sensors. In this paper, we introduce radio as a new powerful sensing modality for wearable devices and propose to transform radio into a mobile sensor of human activities and vital signs. We present BodyScan, a wearable system that enables radio to act as a single modality capable of providing whole-body continuous sensing of the user. BodyScan overcomes key limitations of existing wearable devices by providing a contactless and privacy-preserving approach to capturing a rich variety of human activities and vital sign information. Our prototype design of BodyScan is comprised of two components: one worn on the hip and the other worn on the wrist, and is inspired by the increasingly prevalent scenario where a user carries a smartphone while also wearing a wristband/smartwatch. This prototype can support daily usage with one single charge per day. Experimental results show that in controlled settings, BodyScan can recognize a diverse set of human activities while also estimating the user's breathing rate with high accuracy. Even in very challenging real-world settings, BodyScan can still infer activities with an average accuracy above 60% and monitor breathing rate information a reasonable amount of time during each day

PipeRAG: Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Algorithm-System Co-design

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can enhance the generation quality of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external token databases. However, retrievals from large databases can constitute a substantial portion of the overall generation time, particularly when retrievals are periodically performed to align the retrieved content with the latest states of generation. In this paper, we introduce PipeRAG, a novel algorithm-system co-design approach to reduce generation latency and enhance generation quality. PipeRAG integrates (1) pipeline parallelism to enable concurrent retrieval and generation processes, (2) flexible retrieval intervals to maximize the efficiency of pipeline parallelism, and (3) a performance model to automatically balance retrieval quality and latency based on the generation states and underlying hardware. Our evaluation shows that, by combining the three aforementioned methods, PipeRAG achieves up to 2.6$\times$ speedup in end-to-end generation latency while improving generation quality. These promising results showcase the effectiveness of co-designing algorithms with underlying systems, paving the way for the adoption of PipeRAG in future RAG systems

A Hybrid 3D/2D Field Response Calculation for Liquid Argon Detectors with PCB Based Anode Plane

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology is commonly utilized in neutrino detector designs. It enables detailed reconstruction of neutrino events with high spatial precision and low energy threshold. Its field response (FR) model describes the time-dependent electric currents induced in the anode-plane electrodes when ionization electrons drift nearby. An accurate and precise FR is a crucial input to LArTPC detector simulations and charge reconstruction. Established LArTPC designs have been based on parallel wire planes. It allows accurate and computationally economic two-dimensional (2D) FR models utilizing the translational symmetry along the direction of the wires. Recently, novel LArTPC designs utilize electrodes formed on printed circuit board (PCB) in the shape of strips with through holes. The translational symmetry is no longer a good approximation near the electrodes and a new FR calculation that employs regions with three dimensions (3D) has been developed. Extending the 2D models to 3D would be computationally expensive. Fortuitously, the nature of strips with through holes allows for a computationally economic approach based on the finite-difference method (FDM). In this paper, we present a new software package "pochoir" that calculates LArTPC field response for these new strip-based anode designs. This package combines 3D calculations in the volume near the electrodes with 2D far-field solutions to achieve fast and precise field response computation. We apply the resulting FR to simulate and reconstruct samples of cosmic-ray muons and $^{39}$Ar decays from a Vertical Drift (VD) detector prototype operated at CERN. We find the difference between real and simulated data within 5 %. Current state-of-the-art LArTPC software requires a 2D FR which we provide by averaging over one dimension and estimate that variations lost in this average are smaller than 7 %.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure

Quantitative evaluation of the time-course and efficacy of targeted agents for ulcerative colitis

BackgroundTargeted agents are widely utilized in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of comparative drug efficacy in UC is of great importance for drug development and clinical practice. Our objective was the quantitative evaluation of the comparative efficacy of targeted agents for UC.MethodsThree mathematical models were developed based on data from randomized controlled trials in patients with moderate-to-severe UC to describe the time-course and dose-response of efficacy defined as clinical remission, clinical response, and endoscopic improvement, as well as the placebo effect. The covariate effects were further evaluated. Model simulation was performed in a hypothetical population to compare the efficacies across different drugs.ResultsThe analysis dataset was composed of data from 35 trials of 12 drugs in UC. Time–response relationships were evaluated that indicated a gradual onset of drug efficacy in adalimumab, ozanimod, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. The dose-response relationships were estimated for each drug respectively. Patient age, disease duration, baseline weight, prior tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor exposure, and current treatment with corticosteroid showed an impact on efficacy, suggesting that younger patients with shorter UC duration without prior anti-TNF treatment and current corticosteroids therapy tend to display greater treatment effects.ConclusionThis study developed three longitudinal models for UC to quantitatively describe the efficacy of targeted agents, as well as the influencing factors of efficacy. Infliximab and upadacitinib were determined to be the most effective biological and small targeted molecules, respectively. These findings may provide valuable implications for guiding future decision-making in clinical practice and drug development for UC

Automated detection of mild cognitive impairment and dementia from voice recordings: A natural language processing approach

INTRODUCTION: Automated computational assessment of neuropsychological tests would enable widespread, cost-effective screening for dementia. METHODS: A novel natural language processing approach is developed and validated to identify different stages of dementia based on automated transcription of digital voice recordings of subjects' neuropsychological tests conducted by the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1084). Transcribed sentences from the test were encoded into quantitative data and several models were trained and tested using these data and the participants' demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Average area under the curve (AUC) on the held-out test data reached 92.6%, 88.0%, and 74.4% for differentiating Normal cognition from Dementia, Normal or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from Dementia, and Normal from MCI, respectively. DISCUSSION: The proposed approach offers a fully automated identification of MCI and dementia based on a recorded neuropsychological test, providing an opportunity to develop a remote screening tool that could be adapted easily to any language.AG054156 - NIA NIH HHS; RF1 AG062109 - NIA NIH HHS; AG049810 - NIA NIH HHS; U19 AG068753 - NIA NIH HHS; HHSN268201500001I - NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 AG016495 - NIA NIH HHS; UL54 TR004130 - NIH HHS; R01 GM135930 - NIGMS NIH HHS; RF1 AG072654 - NIA NIH HHS; AARG-NTF-20-643020 - Alzheimer's Association; R21-CA253498 - NIH HHS; AG033040 - NIA NIH HHS; AG068753 - NIA NIH HHS; R01-HL159620 - NIH HHS; AG016495 - NIA NIH HHS; R01 GM135930 - NIH HHS; AG008122 - NIA NIH HHS; R01 AG033040 - NIA NIH HHS; R56 AG062109 - NIA NIH HHS; AG062109 - NIA NIH HHS; CCF-2200052 - National Science Foundation; IIS-1914792 - National Science Foundation; DMS-1664644 - National Science FoundationAccepted manuscrip