Assessment of Import Restrictions on the U.S. Meat and Livestock Markets: An Application to the Case of Discovery of BSE on Canadian Cattle

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the discovery of BSE in Canadian cattle on the imported and domestic demand for livestock and meat in the United States. A multi-market partial equilibrium model is utilized to simulate the effects of policy-induced shifts in quantities of imports supplied from Canada on the meat and livestock industries. Our simulation results predict small effects on cattle.International Relations/Trade,

Import Demand for Shelled Peanuts in the European Union: Impacts of the U.S. Export Promotion Program

The objective of this study is to propose a system of input demand functions consistent with the theory of the firm where promotion is treated as an information input in the production function. The empirical model is applied to the European Union (EU) input demand for shelled peanuts. The information input is measured as Euros spent on the U.S. Foreign Market Development program (FMD) on peanuts by the U.S. in the EU market. We find that the FMD program had a positive effect on the EU demand for U.S. shelled peanuts. This result suggests that the information provided to manufactures through the FMD has helped to increase the demand for shelled U.S. peanuts in the EU markets. The estimated marginal return of U.S. export promotion expenditures on the FMD program is 240 Euros.Input demand, Shelled peanuts, U.S. Foreign Market Development Program, International Relations/Trade,

European Union Import Demand for In-Shell Peanuts: The Source Differentiated AIDS Model

This research estimates import demand elasticities for in-shell peanuts in the European Union from four different sources: China, the United States, South America, and Africa. The null hypothesis of aggregation over product sources is rejected at conventional levels of significance suggesting that peanuts from different sources are differentiated by EU consumers which might attributed to their different quality characteristics. Conditional expenditure elasticities for U.S. in-shell peanuts are larger than expenditure elasticities for Latin American, Chinese and African peanuts.In-Shell Peanuts, Nonlinear SAIDS, the European Union, Demand and Price Analysis,

Household Consumption of Snacks at Home and Away from Home

This study identifies how key economic and demographic variables affect U.S. households' expenditures on snacks.demand analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

The Effect of the U.S. Foreign Market Development Program on Import Demand for Shelled Peanuts in the European Union

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. Foreign Market Development (FMD) program on the European Union imported demand for shelled peanuts. We find that the FMD program had a positive effect on the EU demand for U.S. shelled peanuts. This result suggests that the information provided to manufactures through the FMD has helped to maintain U.S. peanuts in the EU markets. The marginal return per EURO dollars of U.S. export promotion expenditures on the FMD program is 277 EURO dollars for U.S. shelled peanuts.Factor demand, Shelled peanuts, U.S. Foreign Market Development Program, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade,

The Demand for Livestock by the U.S. Meat Processing Industry

This paper studies the demand of domestic and imported livestock by the U.S. meat processing industry. Two types of meats are analyzed: slaughter cattle and hogs. Static and dynamic inverse input demand models are estimated. The static inversed input demand model performed better than the dynamic inversed input demand models. Calculated own price elasticities (flexibilities) and cross price elasticities (flexibilities) indicate that the demand for imported livestock by the meat processing industry is very sensitive to the change in the domestic price for livestock. The demand of domestic slaughter livestock is less sensitive to the change in imported livestock prices.Agribusiness,

Potential for Tradable Water Allocation and Rights in Jordan

This paper estimates the costs of buying water use rights from farmers located in the Mafraq-Azraq basin in Jordan. Farmers’ water supply curve is estimated using data gathered from a contingent valuation survey. Estimation results indicate that a total supply of 29 million m3 could be periodically purchased from farmers at an annual price of approximately JD 0.23/m3 (1 JD ≈ 0.70 U.S. dollars), or a total cost of about JD 6.8 million per year.Contingent valuation, non-parametric estimation, water supply curve, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Perceived risks of infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 at the Equator: Ecuador and Kenya

Objectives: This study''s goal was to determine the perceived risks of infection as well as the perceived risks of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in Ecuador and Kenya. It also assessed the factors associated with the risk-related perceptions. Methods: Cross-sectional studies with samples from the adult populations in both countries were conducted to assess the perceived risks of contracting COVID-19. Data were collected online using the Qualtrics platform from samples of 1, 050 heads of households ages 18 years or older in each country. Three statistical analyses were conducted: summary statistics, correlation, and linear regression. Results: The average perceived risks of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in the Kenyan sample were 27.1%, 43.2%, and 17.2%, respectively, and the values for the Ecuadorian sample were 34%, 32.8%, and 23.3%, respectively. The Pearson''s correlation coefficients between the risk measures in each country were less than 0.38. Risk measures were associated with several sociodemographic variables (e.g., income, gender, location) but not age. Conclusions: The perceived risks of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in Kenya and Ecuador were significantly higher relative to the statistics reported; however, no strong association existed between perceived risk and age, which is a key factor in adverse health outcomes, including death, among COVID-19 infected individuals

Assessment of Import Restrictions on the U.S. Meat and Livestock Markets: An Application to the Case of Discovery of BSE on Canadian Cattle

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the discovery of BSE in Canadian cattle on the imported and domestic demand for livestock and meat in the United States. A multi-market partial equilibrium model is utilized to simulate the effects of policy-induced shifts in quantities of imports supplied from Canada on the meat and livestock industries. Our simulation results predict small effects on cattle