Target-oriented modularization – Addressing sustainability design goals in product modularization

Through modularization, a large range of sustainability goals can be addressed in design, e.g. environmentally friendly end-of-life or improved MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) processes. The development of methods for product modularization raised increasing interest in recent years. However, published methods for product modularization still lack of flexibility and standardization. Numerous methods have been developed that are defined for one or a given list of design goals. As a result, it is still difficult for engineers to find and apply the right method for a defined set of design goals. In this paper, the field of modular product design methods has been analyzed with the aim to develop a Target-oriented Modularization Method that allows defining modular product structure according to user-defined design goals. The introduced method is demonstrated on the example of a Garrett GT2860R turbocharger

Synthesis of N,N'-bis and N,N,N',N'-tetra-[3,5-disubstituted-1-pyrazolyl)methyl]para-phenylenediamines: New Candidate Ligands for Metal Complex Wires.

International audienceA series of tridentate ligands N,N-bis-[(di-substituted-1-pyrazolyl)methyl]arylamines 2–3a,b and benzylamine 4a,b, tetradentate N,N′-bis-[(di-substituted-1-pyrazolyl)methyl]para-phenylenediamines 7a,b and hexadentate N,N,N′,N′-tetra-[(di-substituted-1-pyrazolyl)methyl]para-phenylenediamines 8a,b has been prepared in good yield by condensation of arylamines, benzylamine or para-phenylenediamine with N-hydroxymethyl disubstituted pyrazoles 1a,b. The synthesis and characterisation of these various polydentate ligands are described

Renal transplantation from living related donors: a single center experience in viet nam.

INTRODUCTION: End-stage renal disease is a major public health problem in Viet Nam. A cooperative project between the University of Liege, Belgium, and the University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, has permitted the establishment of an autonomous program of renal transplantation from living-related donors at the Peoples' Hospital No 115. The aim of this paper was to report the primary results of the project and to draw conclusions for the future. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2004 to July 2008, we performed 33 living-related renal transplantations. Mean ages of donors and recipients were 31.8 +/- 9.5 and 41.6 +/- 13.5 years, respectively. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 6 donors. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of three drugs associated with induction therapy using anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The 33 donors are in good health at follow-up. Four developed major intra- or postoperative hemorrhage necessitating transfusion, with a surgical re-exploration in 1 donor. Wound infection occurred in 2 donors. Posttransplant recipient and graft survivals at 1 versus 3 years were 82% and 73% versus 82% and 65%, respectively. Eight recipients presented 13 biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes that were reversible in 7, but 1 patient lost his graft due to an irreversible rejection. Two recipients developed cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These initial results have encouraged us to continue the program of renal transplantation from living-related donors. However, they also pointed out the need to develop other donor sources