Analyse environnementale et éco-conception de services informationnels

L'essor des services et des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) est généralement considéré comme le marqueur d'une dématérialisation de l'économie phénomène grandement attendu dans le cadre des discussions sur le développement durable. Nous nous plaçons dans le débat autour de cette hypothèse en questionnant la matérialité des TIC et des services à travers le cas des services informationnels activités de génération d'information répondant à un besoin décisionnel. Nous examinons plus en détail les services d'optimisation basés sur les réseaux de capteurs services offerts à l'aide d'informations collectées par des capteurs intégrés dans un réseau sans fil, permettant de surveiller un processus dans le but de l'optimiser, et par là-même de diminuer ses impacts. Nous proposons ainsi une méthode intégrée d'analyse environnementale et d'éco-conception des services d'optimisation basés sur les réseaux de capteurs. Celle-ci permet de déterminer la pertinence environnementale d'un service, c'est-à-dire sa capacité à générer moins d'impacts qu'il n'en évite, mais également de le concevoir avec cette pertinence en vue. Notre apport scientifique réside dans la proposition d'un modèle d'impact pour les services informationnels et d'un modèle de cycle de vie des réseaux de capteurs, ainsi que dans le développement d'un outil d'analyse basé sur la simulation réseau. L'application de la méthode proposée au cas d'un service d'optimisation de la collecte de déchets nous permet de conclure que, si des marges de manœuvres importantes sont identifiables, la pertinence environnementale de ces services ne doit pas être considérée comme acquise, tout comme le potentiel de dématérialisation des TIC et des services.The increasing share of economic value created by information and communication technology (ICT) and by services is generally seen as a sign of dematerialization of the economy a step towards sustainability. This thesis is a contribution to the ongoing debate about this hypothesis. It examines the impacts of ICT and services, particularly those of information services activities which consist of generating information required in decision-making processes. It focuses specifically on optimization services that use wireless sensor networks (WSN): services aiming at optimizing a process (thus diminishing its environmental impact) and based on information generated by a WSN. We present an integrated method that helps to analyze the impacts and ecodesigning optimization services that use WSN. This method allows for determining the environmental relevance of a service, i.e. whether it generates a smaller impact than it is helps to avoid, and for designing the service with this relevance in mind. Our scientific contribution is to formalize an environmental impact model for information services and a life cycle model for WSN, so as to develop an assessment tool based on network simulation. An integral part of this method is the development of an environmental impact model for information services as well as a life cycle model for WSN, which constitute our main scientific contribution. We implemented these by means of an assessment tool based on network simulation. The application of the proposed method to a case of an optimization service for waste collection allowed us to conclude that there is significant room for ecodesign. However, the environmental relevance of those services should not been taken for granted, nor should the dematerialization potential of ICT and services.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Il était une fois mon personnage. Les rôlistes en grandeur nature, leurs aspirations ludiques et leur Moyen Âge

À première vue, les jeux de rôles grandeur nature (GN*) sont faits de costumes, de décors, d’armes factices, de combats sauvages et d’aventures ludiques. Mais derrière ces apparences, pas de jeu sans le personnage, pas de rôle. Bien plus que les univers et les règles, le personnage est le médium par lequel passent toutes les informations qui font et animent le jeu. Il est le moyen de la fiction. Prétexte à jouer, interface entre le joueur et les autres participants, il est le lieu où s’exprim..

Le Moyen Âge sinon rien. Statut et usage du passé dans le jeu de rôles grandeur nature

D’un abord un peu alternatif, voire trivial, le jeu de rôles grandeur nature est un observatoire tout à fait sérieux pour étudier la « présence » du passé et surtout celle du « Moyen Âge » dans nos sociétés. À la différence de la littérature ou du cinéma, dans le jeu de rôles grandeur nature, le récit est foncièrement interactif ; la dimension participative exige des créateurs, des joueurs et des animateurs, de partager une vision commune et pratique de l’univers dans lequel ils évoluent. La ..

Indicator for in Use Energy Consumption (IUE): a tool enhancing Design for Energy Efficiency of products

International audienceEnvironmental impact of non mobile electr(on)ic products is mostly due to energy consumption in use phase. Along with the growing concerns on energy supply, it explains the increasing interest on efficient management of energy during use of electr(on)ic equipment. This papers introduce a new indicator to follow the in use energy consumption from the earliest design stage to the beginning of the manufacturing stage. Energy in use is characterized by lifetime by power. Lifetime is defined as sequences of function and power as sequences of stable power consumptions of sub-assemblies. The use of the indicator is simulated in the redesign of a set top box

An Environmental Assessment Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

International audienceAlthough Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are presented today as a chance for the environment, further research is needed to understand the extent of their impacts. Essentially, little research has been done on the environmental impacts of ICT infrastructures. Their assessment thus still faces some methodological problems which are dealt with in this paper, notably in the case of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We provide a method to analyse WSN in an environmental perspective, which clarifies two important issues: the definition of the system lifecycle and the synergic behaviour of its elements. This method is applied to a concrete case, results are generated and eco-design alternatives are presented and evaluated. The results show the importance of adopting a system-level perspective while performing environmental assessment of ICT. It helps determine the most influential system parameters, bringing broader understanding and eco-design perspectives

Design for energy efficiency : proposition of a guidelines-based tool.

International audienceEnvironmental consequences and supply security of energy are currently of major concern. Inefficient energy management in electric and electronic equipment (EEE) represents a significant share of energy wasted in developed countries. Although power consumption of EEE should be addressed during design, no comprehensive method has yet been developed. This paper introduces a new Design for Energy Efficiency method, and details one of its tools. The tool uses a structured inventory of guidelines to be implemented during design and will help identify constructive design strategies for products

Design for energy efficiency : proposition of a guidelines-based tool.

International audienceEnvironmental consequences and supply security of energy are currently of major concern. Inefficient energy management in electric and electronic equipment (EEE) represents a significant share of energy wasted in developed countries. Although power consumption of EEE should be addressed during design, no comprehensive method has yet been developed. This paper introduces a new Design for Energy Efficiency method, and details one of its tools. The tool uses a structured inventory of guidelines to be implemented during design and will help identify constructive design strategies for products

An Integrated Method for Environmental Assessment and Ecodesign of ICT-based Optimization Services

International audienceInformation and Communication Technologies (ICT) enable the creation of optimization services, defined in this paper as services aimed at providing information to improve the operation of a system, for example in terms of cost or environmental efficiency. On one hand, these services may help to avoid impacts; on the other hand, they use ICT, which are impact-intensive technologies. Consequently, the impact reductions they allow must at least balance the impacts generated by the ICT infrastructures they rely on. This article provides an integrated framework for assessing the environmental impacts and for supporting the design of environmentally-sound ICT-based optimization services. The framework relies on an environmental model of information and a comprehensive ecodesign method considering three levels of analysis: equipment, infrastructure and information. The framework introduced is applied to the ecodesign of an optimization service for urban waste collection based on a city-scale wireless sensor network

An implemented framework to estimate manufacturing-related energy consumption in product design

International audienc