Разработка инструментов интеллектуального анализа сейсмических данных для выявления параметров естественной трещиноватости горных пород

Сейсмические атрибуты – мощный инструмент визуализации изменения геологических особенностей пород на больших глубинах. Атрибуты, ассоциируемые с естественной трещиноватостью пород, имеют характерный рисунок в виде линеаментов, что удобно для качественного анализа данных. Требуется разработать адаптивный алгоритм, который будет количественно оценивать параметры трещиноватости.Seismic attributes are a powerful tool for visualizing changes in the geological features of rocks at great depths. Attributes associated with natural fracturing of rocks have a characteristic pattern in the form of lineaments, which is convenient for high-quality data analysis. It is required to develop an adaptive algorithm that will quantitatively estimate fracture parameters

Iron catalyzed reactions and the role of metal contaminants

This thesis visits the history of iron catalysis and its recent advances in chemistry. In the last few years, iron as a catalyst has found several applications in synthetic organic chemistry. Iron salts can be described having as low toxicity, being cheap and readily available, and also environmentally friendly. However, iron salts could be contaminated by various metal impurities. For example, copper which play a major role in cross-coupling reactions (C-N, C-O, C-S bond formation) was found in certain samples. Lowering copper catalytic amount to parts-per-million is enough to obtain good yields. Purity of iron salts is an important issue. Thus, iron salts have been tested by atom absorption spectroscopy and the amount of different metal contaminants was determined. This thesis describes the synthesis of various heterocycles such as benzofurans, benzoxazoles, tetrazoles, and indoles using iron salts as catalysts. Their syntheses differed and various types of reactions are handled. C-O cross-coupling reaction, “Click reaction” and C-H amination reactions are described. Benzofurans and benzoxazoles were synthesized by an intramolecular C-O cross-coupling reaction using FeCl3. Halophenylbenzamide and 2-(2-halophenyl)-1-(aryl)ethanone were used as starting material for the reaction. Reactions have been performed using TMHD as a ligand and Cs2CO3 as a base. Tetrazoles were obtained by “Click chemistry” using Fe(OAc)2. The reaction between azides and arylcyanides provided good to excellent yields. Indoles were synthesized with an intramolecular C-H amination of an azidoacrylate using Fe(OTf)2. The metal-catalyzed Hemetsberger-Knittel reaction offered several advantages. In all cases, iron has been proven to be efficient as a catalyst and its broad applicability for various reactions has been demonstrated

Iron catalyzed reactions and the role of metal contaminants

This thesis visits the history of iron catalysis and its recent advances in chemistry. In the last few years, iron as a catalyst has found several applications in synthetic organic chemistry. Iron salts can be described having as low toxicity, being cheap and readily available, and also environmentally friendly. However, iron salts could be contaminated by various metal impurities. For example, copper which play a major role in cross-coupling reactions (C-N, C-O, C-S bond formation) was found in certain samples. Lowering copper catalytic amount to parts-per-million is enough to obtain good yields. Purity of iron salts is an important issue. Thus, iron salts have been tested by atom absorption spectroscopy and the amount of different metal contaminants was determined. This thesis describes the synthesis of various heterocycles such as benzofurans, benzoxazoles, tetrazoles, and indoles using iron salts as catalysts. Their syntheses differed and various types of reactions are handled. C-O cross-coupling reaction, “Click reaction” and C-H amination reactions are described. Benzofurans and benzoxazoles were synthesized by an intramolecular C-O cross-coupling reaction using FeCl3. Halophenylbenzamide and 2-(2-halophenyl)-1-(aryl)ethanone were used as starting material for the reaction. Reactions have been performed using TMHD as a ligand and Cs2CO3 as a base. Tetrazoles were obtained by “Click chemistry” using Fe(OAc)2. The reaction between azides and arylcyanides provided good to excellent yields. Indoles were synthesized with an intramolecular C-H amination of an azidoacrylate using Fe(OTf)2. The metal-catalyzed Hemetsberger-Knittel reaction offered several advantages. In all cases, iron has been proven to be efficient as a catalyst and its broad applicability for various reactions has been demonstrated

Synthèse, priorités et utilisations d'acides aminés et peptidomimétiques trifluorométhylés

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Environmentally benign peptide synthesis using liquid-assisted ball-milling: application to the synthesis of Leu-enkephalin†

International audienceThis paper describes an original methodology for peptide bond synthesis avoiding toxic solvents and reactants. Ball-milling stoichiometric amounts of Boc-protected α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (Boc-AA-NCA) or Boc-protected α-amino acid Nhydroxysuccinimide esters (Boc-AA-OSu) with α-amino acid alkyl ester salts in the presence of NaHCO3 and a minimal quantity of EtOAc led to the production of di- to pentapeptides in an efficient and environmentally benign manner. This approach was successfully applied to the synthesis of Leu-enkephalin

Mechanosynthesis of amides in the total absence of organic solvent from reaction to product recovery

International audienceThe synthesis of various amides has been realised avoiding the use of any organic solvent from activation of carboxylic acids with CDI to isolation of the amides. Mechanochemistry was the key point of the process allowing rapid formation of the amide bond and efficient water-based purification of the final products