Application of functional genomics to primate endometrium: insights into biological processes

Endometrium is a dynamic tissue that responds on a cyclic basis to circulating levels of the ovarian-derived steroid hormones, estradiol and progesterone. Functional genomics has enabled a global approach to understanding gene regulation in whole endometrial tissue in the setting of a changing hormonal milieu. The proliferative phase of the cycle, under the influence of estradiol, has a preponderance of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle regulation. Interestingly, genes encoding ion channels and cell adhesion, as well as angiogenic factors, are also highly regulated in this phase of the cycle. After the LH surge, different gene expression profiles are uniquely observed in the early secretory, mid-secretory (window of implantation), and late secretory phases. The early secretory phase is notable for up-regulation of multiple genes and gene families involved in cellular metabolism, steroid hormone metabolism, as well as some secreted glycoproteins. The mid-secretory phase is characterized by multiple biological processes, including up-regulation of genes encoding secreted glycoproteins, immune response genes with a focus on innate immunity, and genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. In the late secretory phase, as the tissue prepares for desquamation, there is a marked up-regulation of an inflammatory response, along with matrix degrading enzymes, and genes involved in hemostasis, among others. This monograph reviews hormonal regulation of gene expression in this tissue and the molecular events occurring therein throughout the cycle derived from functional genomics analysis. It also highlights challenges encountered in using human endometrial tissue in translational research in this context

Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) XIX. Transcriptional activation of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway genes at the onset of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin response

Article on stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) XIX and transcriptional activation of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway genes at the onset of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin response

Entwicklung eines integrierten Energiekonzepts: Erfassung des Emissions-Reduktions-Potentials klimawirksamer Spurengase im Bereich rationeller Energienutzung fuer die alten Bundeslaender. Anhangsband I Sektor Haushalte. Sektor Kleinverbraucher

The calculated scenarios have shown that especially in the sector households large potentials for the reduction of CO_2-emissions could be realised, provided that the necessary marginal conditions are created. In this respect the approach of an energy service reveals that energy conservation is possible without giving up comfort. The conversation potentials are characterised by an economic cost effectiveness. Their realisation must be the aim of an energy policy that conserves the resources and minimises the risk. In this respect the attention must not only be drawn to those energy conservation potentials, which can be achieved by an improvement of the technical efficiency, as it has been demonstrated in the scenario efficiency. According to the scenario ecological structure policy the conservation potentials related to the use must be the main focus of the investigation instead, because they can be very often realised ''free of charge''. At the same time they can be the beginning of a change of consciousness of the people towards a behaviour, that better conserves the resources. (orig./UA)Die berechneten Szenarien haben gezeigt, dass gerade im Haushalts-Sektor umfassende CO_2-Einsparpotentiale mobilisiert werden koennten, wenn entsprechende Rahmenbedingungen dafuer geschaffen wuerden. Der Energiedienstleistungsansatz macht dabei deutlich, dass Energiesparen auch ohne Komfortverzicht moeglich ist. Die Einsparpotentiale kennzeichnen sich durch volkswirtschaftliche Kostenguenstigkeit. Ihre Mobilisierung muss Ziel einer ressourcenschonenden, risikominimierenden Energiepolitik sein. Dabei ist das Augenmerk nicht nur auf solche Einsparpotentiale zu lenken, die ueber eine Verbesserung der technischen Effizienz zu erreichen sind, wie im Szenario Effizienz dargestellt wurde, vielmehr muessen lt. Szenario Oekologische Strukturpolitik auch die nutzungsbedingten Einsparpotentiale in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung ruecken, da sie haeufig zum ''Nulltarif'' zu mobilisieren sind. Gleichzeitig koennen sie als Initialzuendung einer Bewusstseinsschaerfung der Bevoelkerung fuer ein ressourcenschonenderes Verhalten gelten. (orig./UA)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F95B294+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany); Ministerium fuer Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Technologie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Duesseldorf (Germany)DEGerman

Backside surface machining of silicon wafers using a nanosecond Tm:fiber MOPA system

We report on selective machining of the back surface machining of double-side polished silicon wafers, using a high peak power nanosecond Tm:fiber master oscillator power amplifier with a photonic crystal fiber based power amplifier