Delayed Chylothorax Following Blunt Chest Trauma Treated with Repeated Lymphangiography: A Case Presentation

Chylothorax is mostly iatrogenic, with blunt chest trauma being a rare cause. Treatment depends on the volume of drainage. Specifically, conservative treatment, such as total parenteral nutrition and pleural drainage, is performed in cases of low daily output ( 1–1.5 L/day) are candidates for surgical or radiological intervention. We present a case of delayed-onset chylothorax after blunt trauma caused by thoracic spine fractures, in which persistent chylothorax was successfully managed with repeated lymphangiography with lipiodol when other treatment modalities failed. The case is peculiar in that the chylothorax occurred 40 days after the initial traumatic event and was treated with lipiodol injection, despite maintaining moderate to high daily output

Enzyme immunoassay for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157

An enzyme immunoassay(EIA) to detect Escherichia(E.) coli 0157 in pork was developed by using a sandwich-type assay on the 96-well microplates. All E. coli O157 strains and Citrobacter amalonaticus reacted strongly, however 29 E. coli serotypes and 15 non-E. coli bacterial strains showed negative in E. coli O157 EIA. E. coli 0157 in pork could be detected with in 13 h including 10 h in enrichment broth and 3 h in EIA. As few as 1.8 CFU of E. coli O157 per g of pork could be detected after enrichment, whereas above 1.8 \u3e. 1 o5 CFU of E. coli O157 per g of pork could be detected without enrichment. The E. coli 0157 EIA was a sensitive, easy-to-perform and efficient method for the screening of E. coliO 157 in pork

Synthesis of Porous Silica with Hierarchical Structure Directed by a Silica Precursor Carrying a Pore-Generating Cage

We have obtained a new class of porous silica with good structural order and additional corrugated nanopores clustered around the primary mesopores from the co-condensation of TEOS and adamantylphenol-grafted trimethoxysilane (adam-graft SQ) using a triblock Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20,Mw = 5800) copolymer as a structure-directing agent. Thermally activated removal of pore-generating moieties (i.e., adamantylphenol groups) in adam-graft SQ involves the generation of secondary micro-to-small mesopores, while the block copolymer template generates 2D-hexagonal mesopores. We found that the mesostructural characteristics and the generation of secondary indented pores right next to the mesopores can be tailored by the addition order of the two silica precursors (TEOS and adam-graft SQ), varying the molar ratio between TEOS and adam-graft SQ in the starting sol mixture, and the degree of silica polymerization. The increase in the hexagonal unit cell parameters is attributed to the increment of pore size originating from the removal of adamantylphenol moieties. It is believed that the hydrophobicity of adamantylphenol groups plays a key role in its selective incorporation into the region near the PPO core blocks and the subsequent generation of corrugated pores along the silica channels resulting in the increase of pore diameter.This work was financially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant through the Acceleration Research Program (R17-2007-059-01000-0) and the NANO Systems Institute – National Core Research Center (R15-2003-032-02002-0) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the Brain Korea 21 Program endorsed by the MEST. Financial support from the Korean Collaborative Project for Excellence in Basic System IC Technology (System IC 2010) is also greatly acknowledged

Epidural Pneumatic Pseudocyst with Lumbar Radiculopathy: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Intradiscal vacuum phenomenon is commonly shown in radiographic studies of the degenerative spine. In terms of pathophysiology, intradiscal gas migrates to the epidural space, and then it could compress neural tissues and lead to severe radicular pain and/or neurologic deficits. Herein, we report two patients with lumbar radiculopathy resulting from gas-containing pseudocysts at the L5-S1 space, including our treatment and literature review. One patient had been underwent L5-S1 partial laminectomy and removal of the gas-containing pseudocyst, and the other underwent right selective L5 root block. After the procedures, they didn’t have any remarkable complaints. In the present study, we suggest that surgical decompression may be effective in patients who were untreatable with conservative treatment

Identification of a novel ubiquitin binding site of STAM1 VHS domain by NMR spectroscopy

AbstractInteraction between the signal-transducing adapter molecule 1 (STAM1) Vps27/Hrs/Stam (VHS) domain and ubiquitin was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR evidence showed that the structure of STAM1 VHS domain resembles that of other VHS domains, especially the homologous domain of STAM2. We found that the VHS domain binds to ubiquitin via its hydrophobic patch consisting of N-terminus of helix 2 and C-terminus of helix 4 in which Trp26 on helix 2 plays a pivotal role in the binding. The binding between VHS and ubiquitin seems to be very similar to that between ubiquitin associated domain (UBA) and ubiquitin, however, the direction of α-helices involved in the ubiquitin binding is opposite. Here, we propose a novel ubiquitin binding site and the manner of ubiquitin recognition of the STAM1 VHS domain.Structured summaryMINT-6804185:STAM1 (uniprotkb:Q92783) binds (MI:0407) to ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P62988) by nuclear magnetic resonance (MI:0077

Torilin Inhibits Inflammation by Limiting TAK1-Mediated MAP Kinase and NF- κ

Torilin, a sesquiterpene isolated from the fruits of Torilis japonica, has shown antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, data on the mechanism of torilin action against inflammation is limited. This study aimed at determining the anti-inflammatory property of torilin in LPS-induced inflammation using in vitro model of inflammation. We examined torilin’s effect on expression levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The involvement of NF-kB and AP-1, MAP kinases, and adaptor proteins were assessed. Torilin strongly inhibited LPS-induced NO release, iNOS, PGE2, COX-2, NF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF gene and protein expressions. In addition, MAPKs were also suppressed by torilin pretreatment. Involvement of ERK1/2, P38MAPK, and JNK1/2 was further confirmed by PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125 mediated suppression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Furthermore, torilin attenuated NF-kB and AP-1 translocation, DNA binding, and reporter gene transcription. Interestingly, torilin inhibited TAK1 kinase activation with the subsequent suppression of MAPK-mediated JNK, p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 (ATF-2 and c-jun) activation and IKK-mediated I-κBα degradation, p65/p50 activation, and translocation. Together, the results revealed the suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 regulated inflammatory mediator and cytokine expressions, suggesting the test compound’s potential as a candidate anti-inflammatory agent

Molecular cloning of the Ecotin gene in Escherichia coli

AbstractThe nucleotide sequence of a 876 bp region in E. coli chromosome that encodes Ecotin was determined. The proposed coding sequence for Ecotin is 486 nucleotides long, which would encode a protein consisting of 162 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 18 192 Da. The deduced primary sequence of Ecotin includes a 20-residue signal sequence, cleavage of which would give rise to a mature protein with a molecular weight of 16 099 Da. Ecotin does not contain any consensus reactive site sequences of known serine protease inhibitor families, suggesting that Ecotin is a novel inhibitor

Insulin Fact Sheet in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Trends of Antidiabetic Medication Use in Insulin Users with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2002 to 2019

Background This study investigated the trends of insulin use among Korean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Changes in prescription of antidiabetic medications in T2DM patients taking insulin therapy were evaluated. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea to evaluate the prevalence of insulin users and trends of insulin use in T1DM and T2DM patients from January 2002 to December 2019. We also investigated numbers and types of antidiabetic medications in insulin users with T2DM. Results The overall total number of insulin users increased from 2002 to 2019, reaching 348,254 for T2DM and 20,287 for T1DM in 2019 compared with 109,974 for T2DM and 34,972 for T1DM in 2002. The proportion of patients using basal analogs and short acting analogs have increased and those using human insulin, premixed insulin, or biphasic human insulin have decreased (rapid acting analogs: 71.85% and 24.12% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019; basal analogs: 76.75% and 75.09% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019). The use of other antidiabetic medication in addition to insulin increased for T2DM, especially in dual therapy, reaching up to 52.35% in 2019 compared with 16.72% in 2002. Conclusion The proportion of the patients using basal or rapid acting analogs increased among all insulin users in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Among patients with T2DM, the proportion of patients using antidiabetic medications in addition to insulin was significantly increased compared to those who used insulin alone