Developmental Cell Article Organism-Scale Modeling of Early Drosophila Patterning

Advances in image acquisition and informatics technology have led to organism-scale spatiotemporal atlases of gene expression and protein distributions. To maximize the utility of this information for the study of developmental processes, a new generation of mathematical models is needed for discovery and hypothesis testing. Here, we develop a data-driven, geometrically accurate model of early Drosophila embryonic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)mediated patterning. We tested nine different mechanisms for signal transduction with feedback, eight combinations of geometry and gene expression prepatterns, and two scale-invariance mechanisms for their ability to reproduce proper BMP signaling output in wild-type and mutant embryos. We found that a model based on positive feedback of a secreted BMP-binding protein, coupled with the experimentally measured embryo geometry, provides the best agreement with population mean image data. Our results demonstrate that using bioimages to build and optimize a three-dimensional model provides significant insights into mechanisms that guide tissue patterning

The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma from Bone Marrow Aspirate with Added

Background: To determine if exogenously injected bone marrow derived platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plus bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 could accelerate the healing of bone-tendon junction injuries and increase the junction holding strength during the early regeneration period. Methods: A direct injury model of the bone-tendon junction was made using an Achilles tendon-calcaneus bone junction in a rabbit. In the PRP/BMP-2/fibrin group, 0.05 mL of bone marrow derived PRP and 100 ng/mL of BMP-2 both incorporated into 0.1 mL of fi brin glue were injected into Achilles tendon-calcaneus bone junctions. The effect of the intervention was tested by comparing the results of an intervention group to a control group. The results of biomechanical testing, and histological and gross analyses were compared between the 2 groups at the following time points after surgery: 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Results: Histologic examinations showed that woven bone developed in tendon-bone junctions at 2 weeks after surgery in the PRP/BMP-2/fibrin group. Mechanical test results showed no significant difference between the PRP/BMP-2/fibrin and control groups at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, but the mean maximal load in the PRP/BMP-2/fibrin group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks after surgery. Conclusions: Bone marrow derived PRP and BMP-2 in fibrin glue accelerated healing in a rabbit model of tendon-bone junction injury. Keywords: Bone-tendon junction, Achilles tendon, Bone marrow derived platelet rich plasma, Bone morphogenetic protei

Osseointegration of Temporary Anchorage Devices Using Recombinant

Over the past 5 years, the use of titanium implants as temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has become an important tool in clinical orthodontic practices. The use of TADs have provided orthodontists a way of moving teeth against fixed objects rather than against the surrounding teeth, which tend to counteract desired motion. At present, viable attachment of TADs involves direct insertion through gingival tissue and piercing of the bone. Surface modifications such as sandblasted and acid-etched treatment or bone morphogenetic protein surface treatment, however, can be applied to the TADs to promote enhanced osseointegration, thereby allowing the TADs to serve as stable anchors while avoiding bone puncture. In this study, a comparison was made between sandblasted/acid-etched TADs and sandblasted/acidetched/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) treated TADs to determine whether rhBMP-2 promotes enhanced osseointegration. A total of 10 rats (4 controls and 6 treated with rhBMP-2) were used in the study, with 1 TAD placed on the skull of each rat. At the end of 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, and bone blocks, each containing a TAD, were prepared for histological examination and biomechanical characterization. The results of this study showed that TADs treated with rhBMP-2 had greater bone formation at the bone-implant interface and an increase in total implant stability

Presentation Overview � HTA Program Overview � HTA Program Updates – Topics � Today’s Topics – Sleep Apnea Diagnosis and Treatment

Improve quality in health care � Five point plan to improve health care (2005) – Emphasize evidence based health care Create more transparency in the health lth care system Promote prevention, healthy lifestyles, and healthy choices Better managed chronic care Make better use of information technology � Collaboration of Programs across State purchasing – – Health Care Authority – Public Employees and subsidized low income (Basi

Review Annals of Internal Medicine

(rhBMP-2) is used as a bone graft substitute in spinal fusion, which unites (fuses) bones in the spine. The accuracy and completeness of journal publications of industry-sponsored trials on the effectiveness and harms of rhBMP-2 has been called into question. Purpose: To independently assess the effectiveness and harms of rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion and reporting bias in industry-sponsored journal publications. Data Sources: Individual-patient data (IPD) from 17 industrysponsored studies; related internal documents; and searches of MEDLINE (1996 to August 2012), other databases, and reference lists. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of rhBMP-2 versus any control and uncontrolled studies of harms. Data Extraction: Effectiveness outcomes in IPD were recalculate

Proteins Are Essential for Differentiation of Murine

Osteoblastic differentiation is an essential part of bone formation that compensates resorbed bone matrix to maintain its structural integrity. Cells in an osteoblast lineage develop differentiated phenotypes during a long-term culture in vitro. However, intrinsic mechanisms whereby these cells differentiate into mature osteoblasts are yet unclear. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. We demonstrate that mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells constitutively expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for BMP-2 and BMP-4 and accumulated BMPs in collagen-rich extracellular matrices. BMPs associated with the extracellular matrices were involved in the induction of osteoblastic differentiation of nonosteogenic mesenchymal cells as well as cells in the osteoblast lineage. MC3T3-E1 cells constitutively expressed type IA and type II BMP receptors. When a kinase-deficient type IA BMP receptor was stably transfected to MC3T3-E1 cells to obliterate BMP-2/4 signaling, these cells not only failed to respond to exogenous BMP-2 but lost their capability of differentiation into osteoblasts that form mineralized nodules. These observations strongly suggest that endogenous BMP-2/4 accumulated in extracellular matrices are essential for the osteoblastic differentiation of cells in the osteoblast lineage. Therefore, the regulatory mechanism of BMP-2/4 actions in osteoblastic cells is a principal issue to be elucidated for better understanding of pathogenesis of bone losing diseases such as osteoporosis

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Regulation of Vascular Calcification: Roles of Phosphate and Osteopontin

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