Physical activity attenuates the effect of the FTO T/A polymorphism on obesity-related phenotypes in adult Russian males [РЕГУЛЯРНАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ НАГРУЗКА СНИЖАЕТ ВЛИЯНИЕ А-АЛЛЕЛЯ ГЕНА FTO НА ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ К ОЖИРЕНИЮ В ГРУППЕ РУССКИХ МУЖЧИН]

Introduction. Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Russians. Materials and methods. 110 Russian males aged 22-52 years old were examined. Anthropometry: height and weight, waist and hip circumferences were taken. The whole-body impedance was measured on the right-hand side of the body using the bioimpedance meter ABC-01 'Medas' (SRC Medas, Russia) according to a conventional tetrapolar scheme at a frequency of 50 kHz. For each subject participating in the study, the genotype was determined by the polymorphic systems of the T/A (rs9939609) polymorphism of the FTO gene (Lytekh, Moscow). Results. Participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.01). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found in the sedentary group. There were no significant associations between FTO genotypes and obesity-related phenotypes in the PA group. Conclusion. Comparison of morphological parameters in carriers of alternative genotypes in two subgroups with different lifestyles makes it possible to conclude that the A allele determines a greater tendency to accumulate fat in cases where there is no regular physical activity. © 2019 South Ural State University - Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service. All rights reserved

Diagnosis of the nutritional value of colostrum in cows of different milk yield

When forming in an organism of a newborn calf of tentative immunity, the main source of immunoglobulins, a lysozyme, the functionally active leukocytes and lymphocytes, a colostrum is. The quality of a colostrum is a very important condition for formation of full-fledged immunity. A number of scientists claim that cows of different lactic breeds considerably differ on the level of lactic efficiency, at the same time the mass fraction of immunoglobulins negatively correlates with amount of colostrum at the first milking. Studying of dynamics of quality of a colostrum depending on the size of a milk yielding of cows for a lactation was a primal problem of researches. As an object of researches served the cows of four breeds divorced in the Samara region: Black Pied breeds, Bestuzhev, Holstein and Ayrshire. It is established that the content of immunoglobulins in a colostrum of the first yield of milk at cows of different breeds changes under the influence of the level of lactic efficiency and also with the animals' age. The highest content of immunoglobulins was in a colostrum of Bestuzhev breed – 103.35-81.38 g/l, and the lowest at Holstein breed – 74.52-42.29 g/l. Immunoglobulins of a colostrum are divided into three classes – IgG, IgA, IGM. In a colostrum of the first milk yielding of cows of Black Pied breed the share of IgG makes 84.1-85.5%, Bestuzhev breed – 85.7-86.3%, Holstein – 83.9-84.4%, Ayrshire – 85.7-86.6%. The tendency of increase in a share of IgG, in process of increase in milk yields of cows for a lactation is noted. It is established that at increase in level of lactic efficiency of cows, the quality of a colostrum decreases and the number of incidence of calves increases. As a result, the size of average daily gain of young growth live weight proportionally decreases. On the basis of the received results we recommend to estimate quality of a colostrum of the first milk yield by means of an optical or digital refractometer. Carry out the targeted selection work with breeds in the direction of colostrum upgrading

РЕГУЛЯРНАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ НАГРУЗКА СНИЖАЕТ ВЛИЯНИЕ А-АЛЛЕЛЯ ГЕНА FTO НА ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ К ОЖИРЕНИЮ В ГРУППЕ РУССКИХ МУЖЧИН

Introduction. Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Russians. Materials and methods. 110 Russian males aged 22-52 years old were examined. Anthropometry: height and weight, waist and hip circumferences were taken. The whole-body impedance was measured on the right-hand side of the body using the bioimpedance meter ABC-01 ‘Medas’ (SRC Medas, Russia) according to a conventional tetrapolar scheme at a frequency of 50 kHz. For each subject participating in the study, the genotype was determined by the polymorphic systems of the T/A (rs9939609) polymorphism of the FTO gene (Lytekh, Moscow). Results. Participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.01). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found in the sedentary group. There were no significant associations between FTO genotypes and obesity-related phenotypes in the PA group. Conclusion. Comparison of morphological parameters in carriers of alternative genotypes in two subgroups with different lifestyles makes it possible to conclude that the A allele determines a greater tendency to accumulate fat in cases where there is no regular physical activity.Цель. Несмотря на то, что влияние жировой массы и связанного с ожирением гена FTO на набор веса хорошо изучено, по-прежнему недостаточно данных о том, меняет ли физическая активность воздействие вариантов гена FTO на избыточный вес у россиян. Таким образом, цель данного исследования - изучить влияние физической активности, а также воздействие вариантов гена FTO и физической активности на показатели ожирения у россиян. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 110 мужчин из России в возрасте от 22 до 52 лет. Были получены следующие антропометрические данные: длина и масса тела, объем талии и бедер. Импеданс тела был измерен с правой стороны с использованием биоимпедансметра АВС-01 МЕДАСС (ООО НТЦ Медасс, Россия) на частоте 50 кГц в соответствии с традиционной тетраполярной схемой. У каждого участника исследования генотип определялся по полиморфным системам T/A (rs9939609) полиморфизма гена FTO (лаборатория Литех, Москва). Результаты. Участники исследования, не практиковавшие регулярную физическую нагрузку, продемонстрировали более высокие статистически значимые показатели ИМТ, жировой массы, объема талии и бедер (P ≤ 0,01). При этом в группе лиц, ведущих малоподвижный образ жизни, были установлены значительные корреляции между тремя генотипами гена FTO и показателями ожирения. Участники, практикующие регулярную физическую нагрузку, не продемонстрировали статистически значимых связей между генотипами гена FTO и связанными с ожирением фенотипами. Заключение. Сравнение морфологических параметров у носителей альтернативных генотипов из двух подгрупп, ведущих разный образ жизни, позволяет сделать вывод, что А-аллель определяет большую предрасположенность к накоплению жировой массы в отсутствие регулярной физической нагрузки

The Ala/Val Polymorphism of the UCP2 Gene Is Reciprocally Associated with Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Athletes

Abstract: Associations between the C/T polymorphism of the UCP2 gene (AlaVal55, rs660339) and aerobic and anaerobic components of physical fitness of athletes were studied. The study involved 168 athletes (46 women and 122 men) engaged in various sports and 98 nonathletes (35 women and 63 men). The athletic performance testing program included the ramp test on a treadmill and the Wingate anaerobic test on a bicycle ergometer. The group of athletes exhibited a tendency towards a higher frequency of carriers of two alleles of “mitochondrial efficiency” (UCP2*TT) (χ2 = 2.53, p = 0.28). Val55 allele associations (T*UCP2) with higher values of functional indicators characterizing the aerobic abilities of athletes were demonstrated, whereas athletes carrying two original Ala55 alleles (UCP2*CC) had better anaerobic abilities. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Полиморфизм гена UCP2 реципрокно ассоциирован с аэробной и анаэробной производительностью у спортсменов

This study investigates associations between C/T polymorphism of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene (rs660339) and the aerobic and speed-power performance in a group of Russian athletes. The study engaged 168 athletes (46 female and 122 male) from different sports and the control group of nonathletes included 98 subjects (35 female and 63 male). Performance testing program included: ramp test and Wingate anaerobic test. A tendency to increased frequencies of the “mitochondrial efficiency” genotype (ТТ*UCP2) (χ2 = 2.53, р = 0.28) were found in the athlete’s cohort. The higher aerobic capacities were associated with the presence of at least one minor Val55 allele (Т*UCP2), and presence of two original Ala55 alleles were associated (CC*UCP2) with better speed-power capacities.Исследование посвящено поиску ассоциаций С/Т-полиморфизма гена UCP2 (AlaVal55, rs660339) с аэробным и анаэробным компонентами физической работоспособности спортсменов. В исследовании приняли участие 168 спортсменов (46 женщин и 122 мужчины), занимающихся различными видами спорта, и 98 неспортсменов (35 женщин и 63 мужчин). Программа нагрузочного тестирования включала проведение рамптеста на бегущей дорожке, а также Вингейтский анаэробный тест на велоэргометре. В группе спортсменов наблюдается тенденция к увеличению частоты встречаемости носителей двух аллелей “митохондриальной эффективности” (UCP2 *ТТ) (χ2 = 2.53, р = 0.28). Продемонстрированы ассоциации Val55 аллеля (Т*UCP2) с более высокими значениями функциональных показателей, характеризующими аэробные возможности спортсменов, тогда как спортсмены-носители двух исходных Ala55 аллелей (UCP2*CC) обладали лучшими анаэробными качествами

Left ventricular myocardial remodeling in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis

Background and Aim: Left ventricular myocardial remodeling could play an important role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) syndrome in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular myocardial remodeling in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis and to study the dependence of the incidence of this pathological phenomenon on the functional class (FC) of progression of the CHF syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 afflicted dogs and 36 clinically healthy dogs were examined using transthoracic echocardiography. The following structural and geometric parameters of the left ventricular remodeling were evaluated: Myocardial mass and its index, sphericity index at the end of systole and diastole, end-systolic and end-diastolic relative wall thickness, and integral remodeling index. Results: In all clinically healthy dogs, a normal type of the left ventricular chamber geometry was revealed, whereas, in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis, the normal geometry of the left ventricle occurred in 56.4%, eccentric hypertrophy in 24.1%, concentric remodeling in 10.2%, and concentric hypertrophy in 9.3% of the cases. In patients with endocardiosis, there was no dilatation type of cardiac remodeling observed. Conclusion: When compared to the clinically healthy animals, the dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis presented with indicators of structural and geometric remodeling, such as increased myocardial mass, myocardial mass index, and sphericity index at the end of systole and diastole, as well as relatively reduced integral systolic index of remodeling and systolic relative thickness of the walls of the heart. The parameters of the left ventricular myocardial remodeling correlated significantly with the FC of CHF syndrome. © Vatnikov, et al. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated