Alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca en lactantes: tratamiento actual y atención farmacéutica

La alergia a las proteínas de la vaca (APLV) tiene una prevalencia del 3% en lactantes y se sitúa en segundo lugar entre las alergias alimentarias seguidas del huevo; sin embargo, suele remitir en la mayoría de los casos antes de los 5 años. Dada la gravedad de sus síntomas, que pueden incluso causar un shock anafiláctico, y la susceptibilidad propia de ese grupo de edad, es de vital importancia el conocimiento y la educación sobre esta alergia a los familiares y población general, siendo la farmacia comunitaria un punto clave de información y consulta. El tratamiento en lactantes se basa en una dieta de restricción de PLV, y sustitución por leches para situaciones especiales, siendo de primera elección las fórmulas altamente hidrolizadas, seguidas de las leches de soja (en mayores de 6 meses); no obstante, si la alergia no se controla se recurrirá a las fórmulas elementales (monoméricas a base de aminoácidos), que presentan una alergenicidad prácticamente nula. En alergias persistentes, se plantea la desensibilización por medio de la inmunoterapia oral, con una elevada tasa de éxito para lograr la tolerancia parcial o total. Este trabajo se enfoca a profundizar en el conocimiento y manejo de esta alergia, con intención de saber dar información completa y detallada desde la farmacia comunitaria

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Trends of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Tertiary Hospital of Madrid, Spain

More than one million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur every day, and Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for more than 156 million cases each year worldwide. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies of this parasite in Europe are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had in the diagnosis and epidemiology of trichomoniasis. All available data from January 2018 to December 2021 for T. vaginalis isolation on gynecologic patients attending a Spanish Tertiary Hospital were analyzed. Pre-pandemic results (2018–2019) were compared to pandemic results (2020–2021). The pre-pandemic T. vaginalis prevalence in women was 1.15% (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.94–1.41), and significantly decreased in 2020–2021 (0.77%, 95% CI: 0.57–1.03; p = 0.025). Demographic nor clinical characteristics of women diagnosed with trichomoniasis did not statistically differ between the periods, although an increase in chlamydia co-infected patients was observed in the latest (from 8% in 2018–2019 to 19% in 2020–2021). This study has detected a decrease in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis; however, this is probably due to the increase in the healthcare pressure triggered by the pandemic. More than 75% of the cases diagnosed in 2021 occurred in the second half, which suggests that special attention should be given to the evolution in the coming years once normality has been restored in hospitals. Moreover, these results warn of the lack of routine diagnosis of trichomoniasis during pregnancy and the absence of specific protocols for possible co-infections, which could become a strategy to reduce the growing trend of STIs, including T. vaginalis detection, as an interesting marker of sexual risk behaviors.Depto. de Microbiología y ParasitologíaFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpubDescuento UC