Nurse perception of care of hospitalized older adults – a comparative study between northern and central regions of Portugal

Objective: to analyze the relationship between the perceptions of nurses about geriatric care (GC) environment and geriatric nurses’ knowledge and attitudes according to unit type considering the northern and central regions of Portugal. Method: a cross-sectional study was developed among 1068 Portuguese’s nurses in five hospitals. The instrument was Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile – Portuguese version. The independent samples t-test was when the assumption of normality was verified, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The level of significance was 5%. Results: the profile of perceptions of GC showed a relatively homogeneous pattern (no statistically significant results were found). For the geriatric care environment scale, only the CC/ED units presented significant differences in all considered subscales (resource availability; aging-sensitive care; institutional values; and continuity of care), with more positive perceptions among nurses in the northern region. In Professional Issues scales, only the scale perception of burden related with upsetting behaviors revealed significant differences between regions in all specialties. Conclusion: the findings suggest the need for increased investment by hospital leaders to promote a geriatric nursing practice environment that supports the specialized needs of hospitalized older adults

An Ecological Approach to Prospective and Retrospective Timing of Long Durations: A Study Involving Gamers

To date, most studies comparing prospective and retrospective timing have failed to use long durations and tasks with a certain degree of ecological validity. The present study assessed the effect of the timing paradigm on playing video games in a “naturalistic environment” (gaming centers). In addition, as it involved gamers, it provided an opportunity to examine the effect of gaming profile on time estimation. A total of 116 participants were asked to estimate prospectively or retrospectively a video game session lasting 12, 35 or 58 minutes. The results indicate that time is perceived as longer in the prospective paradigm than in the retrospective one, although the variability of estimates is the same. Moreover, the 12-minute session was perceived as longer, proportionally, than the 35- and 58-minute sessions. The study also revealed that the number of hours participants spent playing video games per week was a significant predictor of time estimates. To account for the main findings, the differences between prospective and retrospective timing are discussed in quantitative terms using a proposed theoretical framework, which states that both paradigms use the same cognitive processes, but in different proportions. Finally, the hypothesis that gamers play more because they underestimate time is also discussed

Nurse perception of care of hospitalized older adults: a comparative study between northern and central regions of Portugal

Objective: to analyze the relationship between the perceptions of nurses about geriatric care (GC) environment and geriatric nurses’ knowledge and attitudes according to unit type considering the northern and central regions of Portugal. Method: a cross-sectional study was developed among 1,068 Portuguese’s nurses in five hospitals. The instrument was Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile – Portuguese version. The independent samples t-test was when the assumption of normality was verified, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The level of significance was 5%. Results: the profile of perceptions of GC showed a relatively homogeneous pattern (no statistically significant results were found). For the geriatric care environment scale, only the CC/ED units presented significant differences in all considered subscales (resource availability; aging-sensitive care; institutional values; and continuity of care), with more positive perceptions among nurses in the northern region. In Professional Issues scales, only the scale perception of burden related with upsetting behaviors revealed significant differences between regions in all specialties. Conclusion: the findings suggest the need for increased investment by hospital leaders to promote a geriatric nursing practice environment that supports the specialized needs of hospitalized older adults

Percepção dos enfermeiros sobre o cuidado a idosos hospitalizados - estudo comparativo entre as regiões Norte e Central de Portugal

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a relação entre as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre o ambiente de cuidado geriátrico (CG) e os conhecimentos e atitudes destes de acordo com o tipo de unidade, considerando as regiões Norte e Central de Portugal. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 1068 enfermeiros portugueses em cinco hospitais. O instrumento foi o Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile - versão em Português. Foi utilizado o teste t para amostras independentes quando a suposição de normalidade foi verificada; caso contrário, utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: o perfil de percepções de cuidado geriátrico mostrou um padrão relativamente homogêneo (não foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significantes). Para a escala de ambiente de cuidado geriátrico, apenas as unidades de cuidados intensivos e serviço de urgência apresentaram diferenças significativas em todas as subescalas consideradas (disponibilidade de recursos, cuidado sensível à idade, valores institucionais; e continuidade do cuidado), com percepções mais positivas entre os enfermeiros da região Norte. Nas escalas de Questões Profissionais, somente a escala percepção da sobrecarga relacionada aos comportamentos perturbadores revelou diferenças significativas entre as regiões em todas as especialidades. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem a necessidade de maior investimento pelos gerentes hospitalares para promover um ambiente de prática de enfermagem geriátrica e que vá ao encontro das necessidades e especificidades das pessoas idosas hospitalizadas.Resume Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la percepción de los enfermeros sobre el entorno de la atención geriátrica y el su conocimiento y actitudes según el tipo de unidad tomando en cuenta las regiones del Norte y Centro de Portugal. Método: estudio transversal desarrollado con 1068 enfermeros portugueses en cinco hospitales. El instrumento fue Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile - versión en portugués. Se utilizo la prueba t para muestra independientes cuando fue verificada la supuesta normalidad; de lo contrario, se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney. El nivel de significancia fue del 5 %. Resultados: el perfil de las percepciones de atención geriátrica mostró un patrón relativamente homogénea (no se encontraron resultados estadísticamente significativos). Para la escala de entorno atención geriátrica, solo las unidades de cuidados intensivos y servicios de urgencias presentaron diferencias significativas en todas las subescalas estudiadas (disponibilidad de recursos; cuidado sensible a edad; valores institucionales y continuidad del cuidado), con una percepción más positiva entre los enfermeros en la región Norte. En las escalas de las cuestiones de carácter profesional, solo la escala percepción de la sobrecarga relacionada con comportamientos desconcertantes reveló diferencias significativas entre las regiones en todas las especialidades. Conclusión: los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de una mayor inversión por parte de los gerentes del los hospitales para promover un entorno de la práctica de enfermería geriátrica que sea compatible con las necesidades específicas de los adultos mayores hospitalizados.Resume Objective: to analyze the relationship between the perceptions of nurses about geriatric care (GC) environment and geriatric nurses’ knowledge and attitudes according to unit type considering the northern and central regions of Portugal. Method: a cross-sectional study was developed among 1068 Portuguese’s nurses in five hospitals. The instrument was Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile - Portuguese version. The independent samples t-test was when the assumption of normality was verified, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The level of significance was 5%. Results: the profile of perceptions of GC showed a relatively homogeneous pattern (no statistically significant results were found). For the geriatric care environment scale, only the CC/ED units presented significant differences in all considered subscales (resource availability; aging-sensitive care; institutional values; and continuity of care), with more positive perceptions among nurses in the northern region. In Professional Issues scales, only the scale perception of burden related with upsetting behaviors revealed significant differences between regions in all specialties. Conclusion: the findings suggest the need for increased investment by hospital leaders to promote a geriatric nursing practice environment that supports the specialized needs of hospitalized older adults

An essential function for the ATR-Activation-Domain (AAD) of TopBP1 in mouse development and cellular senescence

ATR activation is dependent on temporal and spatial interactions with partner proteins. In the budding yeast model, three proteins – Dpb11TopBP1, Ddc1Rad9 and Dna2 - all interact with and activate Mec1ATR. Each contains an ATR activation domain (ADD) that interacts directly with the Mec1ATR:Ddc2ATRIP complex. Any of the Dpb11TopBP1, Ddc1Rad9 or Dna2 ADDs is sufficient to activate Mec1ATR in vitro. All three can also independently activate Mec1ATR in vivo: the checkpoint is lost only when all three AADs are absent. In metazoans, only TopBP1 has been identified as a direct ATR activator. Depletion-replacement approaches suggest the TopBP1-AAD is both sufficient and necessary for ATR activation. The physiological function of the TopBP1 AAD is, however, unknown. We created a knock-in point mutation (W1147R) that ablates mouse TopBP1-AAD function. TopBP1-W1147R is early embryonic lethal. To analyse TopBP1-W1147R cellular function in vivo, we silenced the wild type TopBP1 allele in heterozygous MEFs. AAD inactivation impaired cell proliferation, promoted premature senescence and compromised Chk1 signalling following UV irradiation. We also show enforced TopBP1 dimerization promotes ATR-dependent Chk1 phosphorylation. Our data suggest that, unlike the yeast models, the TopBP1-AAD is the major activator of ATR, sustaining cell proliferation and embryonic development

Age-Related Attenuation of Dominant Hand Superiority

The decline of motor performance of the human hand-arm system with age is well-documented. While dominant hand performance is superior to that of the non-dominant hand in young individuals, little is known of possible age-related changes in hand dominance. We investigated age-related alterations of hand dominance in 20 to 90 year old subjects. All subjects were unambiguously right-handed according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. In Experiment 1, motor performance for aiming, postural tremor, precision of arm-hand movement, speed of arm-hand movement, and wrist-finger speed tasks were tested. In Experiment 2, accelerometer-sensors were used to obtain objective records of hand use in everyday activities

Rescue of a H3N2 Influenza Virus Containing a Deficient Neuraminidase Protein by a Hemagglutinin with a Low Receptor-Binding Affinity

Influenza viruses possess at their surface two glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase, of which the antagonistic functions have to be well balanced for the virus to grow efficiently. Ferraris et al. isolated in 2003–2004 viruses lacking both a NA gene and protein (H3NA- viruses) (Ferraris O., 2006, Vaccine, 24(44–46):6656-9). In this study we showed that the hemagglutinins of two of the H3NA- viruses have reduced affinity for SAα2.6Gal receptors, between 49 and 128 times lower than that of the A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2) virus and no detectable affinity for SAα2.3Gal receptors. We also showed that the low hemagglutinin affinity of the H3NA- viruses compensates for the lack of NA activity and allows the restoration of the growth of an A/Moscow/10/99 virus deficient in neuraminidase. These observations increase our understanding of H3NA- viruses in relation to the balance between the functional activities of the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin

A Theoretical Analysis of How Segmentation of Dynamic Visualizations Optimizes Students' Learning

This article reviews studies investigating segmentation of dynamic visualizations (i.e., showing dynamic visualizations in pieces with pauses in between) and discusses two not mutually exclusive processes that might underlie the effectiveness of segmentation. First, cognitive activities needed for dealing with the transience of dynamic visualizations impose extraneous cognitive load, which may hinder learning. Segmentation may reduce the negative effect of this load by dividing animations into smaller units of information and providing pauses between segments that give students time for the necessary cognitive activities after each of those units of information. Second, event segmentation theory states that people mentally segment dynamic visualizations during perception (i.e., divide the information shown in pieces). Segmentation of dynamic visualisation could cue relevant segments to students, which may aid them in perceiving the structure underlying the process or procedure shown