Annotated List of Crane Flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) From Mentor Marsh, Lake County, Ohio

Sixty-one species of Tipulidae, one species of Ptychopteridae, two species of Trichoceridae, and one species of Anisopodidae are recorded for Mentor Marsh and adjacent woodlands

Photolysis of thionesters

Imperial Users onl

Evolutionary biology and genetic techniques for insect control

The requirement to develop new techniques for insect control that minimize negative environmental impacts has never been more pressing. Here we discuss population suppression and population replacement technologies. These include sterile insect technique, genetic elimination methods such as the release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL), and gene driving mechanisms offered by intracellular bacteria and homing endonucleases. We also review the potential of newer or underutilized methods such as reproductive interference, CRISPR technology, RNA interference (RNAi), and genetic underdominance. We focus on understanding principles and potential effectiveness from the perspective of evolutionary biology. This offers useful insights into mechanisms through which potential problems may be minimized, in much the same way that an understanding of how resistance evolves is key to slowing the spread of antibiotic and insecticide resistance. We conclude that there is much to gain from applying principles from the study of resistance in these other scenarios – specifically, the adoption of combinatorial approaches to minimize the spread of resistance evolution. We conclude by discussing the focused use of GM for insect pest control in the context of modern conservation planning under land-sparing scenarios

Hydrography - A Perspective

In common with the other survey sciences, hydrography stands in the middle of a rapidly evolving technology. While great strides are being made in the development of sophisticated hardware and associated interfaces, can the same be said for the progress of users and interpreters of equipment and data ? This paper discusses the evolution of the hydrographer as a professional and raises some concerns about his present and future role. It questions whether the hydrographic community is responding as readily to the development o f its personnel as it is to the development of automated data acquisition and data processing systems

Bored pile design in stiff clay II:Mechanisms and uncertainty

The soil mechanics related to pile design in clay has been the subject of substantial engineering research. In a companion paper, various codes of practice were reviewed showing the effect on pile capacity of the different global factors of safety that emerge from the various partial factor combinations for the ultimate limit state. Factors of safety are generally specified based on the opinions of experts. In this paper an assessment will be made of various objective procedures that can be used to reduce uncertainty in the design process, especially regarding the adoption of a pile resistance model and the selection of a soil strength profile as part of a ultimate limit state check, and the estimation of pile head settlement in the context of a serviceability limit state check. It is shown that both total stress and effective stress calculation methods are applicable in London Clay. Estimates of settlement using a non-linear soil stress–strain relationship are made and compared with published data. It is shown that the compression of the concrete dominates the settlement of long piles. Given the low settlements observed, recommendations are made for a reduction in standard factors of safety for bored pile design in stiff clays. </jats:p

Chironomidae (Diptera) of Cedar Bog, Champaign County, Ohio

Author Institution: Ohio Environmental Protection AgencyChironomidae (Diptera) were collected from Cedar Bog, Champaign County, OH. Cedar Bog is an alkaline fen formed by numerous springs that collect to form Cedar Run. An attempt was made to collect all life history stages and to rear late instar larvae and pupae under laboratory conditions. Ninety-six taxa were collected from the fen. Twelve taxa were recognized as new species. Taxa for which this study represent a significant range extension are: Bethbilbeckiafloridensis Fittkau & Murray, Paramerina smithae (Sublette), Radotanypus florens (Johannsen) n. comb., Odontomesa ferringtoni Saether, and Rheocricotopus (s.s.) effusoides Saether

Spread and Growth of Newspapers in Ontario, 1781-1977

Since Louis Roy started Ontario’s first newspaper in 1793, the newspaper industry has been growing. Daily and weekly newspapers were born and either survived to the present or died at some later date. Newspapers appeared to have followed the spread of settlement throughout the province, until a saturation level was reached. After this only minor filling in occurred except in the Toronto to Hamilton region where suburban weeklies were started. The threshold population needed to support the birth of a daily or weekly appeared to fall within the 1200-2000 range and 500-1000 range respectively. The growth of newspapers was steady until the turn of the twentieth century when a decline occurred. This decline was followed by a second rise, with the birth of suburban weekly newspapers. Newspaper Chains appeared to be the force behind this second rise and the birth of the suburban weeklies

In Stark Contravention of Its Purpose : Federal Communications Commission Enforcement and Repeal of the Fairness Doctrine

This Note analyzes current FCC policy to determine whether the agency violated its statutory purpose and acted unlawfully by restricting and later repealing the fairness doctrine. Because the Commission\u27s attack on the doctrine has been based, in part, on conclusions drawn from the doctrine\u27s history, Part I examines prior FCC enforcement of the fairness doctrine. Part II views the Commission\u27s contemporary enforcement and repeal of the doctrine. Finally, Part III assesses Commission action in light of its legislative mandate and administrative law standards of judicial review to conclude that the FCC both violated its administrative responsibilities by deemphasizing enforcement of the fairness doctrine and acted illegally in repealing it

Sequence similarity between the erythrocyte binding domain 1 of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein and the V3 loop of HIV-1 strain MN reveals binding residues for the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The surface glycoprotein (SU, gp120) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) must bind to a chemokine receptor, CCR5 or CXCR4, to invade CD4+ cells. <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>uses the Duffy Binding Protein (DBP) to bind the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) and invade reticulocytes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Variable loop 3 (V3) of HIV-1 SU and domain 1 of the <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>DBP share a sequence similarity. The site of amino acid sequence similarity was necessary, but not sufficient, for DARC binding and contained a consensus heparin binding site essential for DARC binding. Both HIV-1 and <it>P. vivax </it>can be blocked from binding to their chemokine receptors by the chemokine, RANTES and its analog AOP-RANTES. Site directed mutagenesis of the heparin binding motif in members of the DBP family, the <it>P. knowlesi </it>alpha, beta and gamma proteins abrogated their binding to erythrocytes. Positively charged residues within domain 1 are required for binding of <it>P. vivax </it>and <it>P. knowlesi </it>erythrocyte binding proteins.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A heparin binding site motif in members of the DBP family may form part of a conserved erythrocyte receptor binding pocket.</p