Marketing organization at the enterprise in conditions of modern economy

В настоящее время в условиях гиперконкурентного рынка основной задачей компании является правильный выбор маркетинговой стратегии.Currently, in terms of hyperconservative market the company's main goal is choosing the right marketing strategy

Methods for evaluation of integrated transport systems

Integrated transport systems are considered a modern way for management of public transport services in regions. Many new integrated transport systems have been created or are planned in Central European countries. A common method for their comparison and evaluation is necessary considering differences of these systems in many attributes. The results of the evaluation method proposed in this article could lead to improvement in the quality of evaluated transport systems

Analysis of integrated transport system influence on the region

This paper deals with the analysis of the influence of integrated transport systems on the region and on ITS transport services in the Czech Republic and Poland. Available transport statistics contain only the information about particular transport modes; the data of integrated transport systems is not registered. Therefore the basis for the analysis of integrated transport systems and ITS influence on the region is missing. With regard to this, the situation of transport services in regions with an integrated transport system and in regions without it is has been analysed. The result is based on the comparison of situation in these regions and in the whole country

Nitrosative stress and corneal transplant endothelial cell death during acute graft rejection.

BACKGROUND: Nitrosative stress takes place in endothelial cells (EC) during corneal acute graft rejection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential role of peroxynitrite on corneal EC death. METHODS: The effect of peroxynitrite was evaluated in vivo. Fifty, 250, and 500 microM in 1.5 microL of the natural or denatured peroxynitrite in 50 microM NaOH, 50 microM NaOH alone, or balanced salt solution were injected into the anterior chamber of rat eyes (n=3/group). Corneal toxic signs after injection were assessed by slit-lamp, in vivo confocal imaging, pachymetry, and EC count. The effect of peroxynitrite was also evaluated on nitrotyrosine and leucocyte elastase inhibitor/LDNase II immunohistochemistry. Human corneas were incubated with peroxynitrite and the effect on EC viability was evaluated. A specific inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (iNOS) was administered systemically in rats undergoing allogeneic corneal graft rejection and the effect on EC was evaluated by EC count. RESULTS: Rat eyes receiving as little as 50 microM peroxynitrite showed a specific dose-dependent toxicity on EC. We observed an intense nitrotyrosine staining of human and rat EC exposed to peroxynitrite associated with leucocyte elastase inhibitor nuclear translocation, a noncaspase dependent apoptosis reaction. Specific inhibition of iNOS generation prevented EC death and enhanced EC survival of the grafted corneas. However, inhibition of iNOS did not have a significant influence on the incidence of graft rejection. CONCLUSION: Nitrosative stress during acute corneal graft rejection in rat eyes induces a noncaspase dependent apoptotic death in EC. Inhibition of nitric oxide production during the corneal graft rejection has protective effects on the corneal EC survival