Dispepsia funcional y test de saciedad: utilidad en la práctica clínica

Introducción: La dispepsia funcional (DF), según Roma III, se clasifica en síndrome de distrés posprandial (SDP) y síndrome de dolor epigástrico (SDE). El test de saciedad (TS) se utilizó previamente para evaluar la acomodación y el vaciamiento gástrico, y permitió diferenciar individuos sanos de dispépticos. Objetivos: 1) Estimar si el TS permite diferenciar a individuos dispépticos de sanos, y 2) evaluar si es útil para diferenciar ambos subtipos de DF. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se incluyó consecutivamente a adultos con DF y controles sanos entre agosto del 2011 y octubre del 2012. El TS consistió en la ingesta de un suplemento nutricional (Fortisip®, Nutricia Bagó®) a velocidad constante; la saciedad se calificó cada 5 min (1 a 5 puntos). La ingesta se suspendió cuando se reportó puntaje máximo. Se registraron el volumen y las calorías totales ingeridos. Análisis estadístico: test Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se incluyó a 39 dispépticos y 20 controles. Los pacientes fueron predominantemente mujeres (84.6 vs. 25%; p < 0.0001) y similares en edad (39.59 ± 13.53 vs. 34.70 ± 9.85 años) e índice de masa corporal (24.32 ± 3.52 vs. 25.82 ± 3.34 kg/m2) respecto de los controles. Subtipos de DF: SDP: 61%, SDE 31% y síndrome mixto: 8%. 1) Los dispépticos toleraron menor volumen y calorías (185 vs. 300 ml y 277 vs. 520 Kcal, respectivamente p < 0.001), y 2) no se observaron diferencias en el TS entre ambos subtipos puros de dispepsia. Conclusiones: El TS fue diferente entre individuos sanos y dispépticos, aunque presentó similar volumen y calorías en ambos subtipos de DF

Archetypal values of science and engineering staff in relation to their career orientations

Orientation: Career decision-making in the 21st century is increasingly guided by the individuals’ deep-seated values and career orientations, as they are required to become proactive career agents in the pursuit of their career. Research purpose: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between individuals’ archetypal values (measured by the Pearson–Marr Archetype Indicator) and career orientations (measured by the Career Orientations Inventory). The study also assessed the differences between race, gender, marital status, employment status and age groups regarding the archetypal values and career orientations of the individuals. Motivation for study: Career counsellors and industrial psychologists are increasingly required to explore new career guidance frameworks that are relevant and appropriate to the evolving nature of careers. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey was conducted. A non-probability sample of 207 voluntary participants employed within the science and engineering sector was obtained. Main findings: Correlational analyses revealed that the participants’ archetypal values related significantly to their career orientations. The various biographical groups differed significantly regarding their archetypal values and career orientations. Practical/managerial implications: The findings highlight the importance of understanding the deep-seated archetypal values that seem to explain the individuals’ career choices and decisions, and how these values differ regarding these choices and decisions. Contribution/value-add: The explanatory utility of the results may prove useful to enhance the individuals’ self-insight in their career choices and experiences. This study represents original research that contributes new knowledge to the field of career psychology and career counselling practices