CO-121 Aplicación de Técnicas Analíticas Avanzadas en el Desarrollo de Nuevas Formulaciones para la Limpieza de Barnices en Obras de Arte

Cuando se lleva a cabo la limpieza de suciedad y de barniz en obras de arte con disolvente o emulsiones en medio acuoso es necesario considerar los efectos que pueden ocasionar sobre la policromía original. Este trabajo recoge los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la eficacia de diferentes emulsiones a base de limonero para la limpieza de barnices en obras de arte, analizando su grado de eficacia, la permanencia de residuos en superficie y las posibles interacciones con las capas de policromía. La eficacia del tratamiento se ha comprobado mediante iluminación con luz ultravioleta, microscopía óptica polarizada, espectroscopía micro-Raman y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectometría de masas

Mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the Cerrillo Blanco Iberian sculptures

This research was funded by the following projects: (ECODIGICOLOR), grant number TED2021‑132023B‑I00, supported MCIN/AEI /http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/ PRTR (Proyectos estratégicos orientados a la transición ecológica y digital) and project “Aplicación avanzada de las algas procedentes de la Alhambra y el Generalife en técnicas artísticas y de conservación‑restauración, (FICOARTE2), grant number P18‑FR‑4477, supported by Consejería de Universidad, Investigacion e Innovación, Junta de Andalucía, Programa FEDER, “Andalucía se mueve con Europa”, Grant PID2020‑113022GB‑I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”.The archaeological heritage at Cerrillo Blanco (Porcuna, Spain) is made up of 27 sculptural ensembles and hundreds of fragments dated between the seventh and second centuries BC. They represent a fundamental milestone in Iberian art and culture. Despite their relevance, no scientific studies have been carried out to date in order to fully understand the materials, intentions and techniques that led to their creation. This is a study carried out on original pieces from the Archaeological Museum of Jaen using stereoscopic optical microscopy (SOM), polarised optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (FESEM-EDX) and spectrophotometry (SF). The results obtained provide new information on the material composition of this important legacy of the Iberian civilization as well as its main alteration factors.MCIN/AEI TED2021-132023B-I00, PID2020-113022GB-I00Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/ PRTR TED2021-132023B-I00Junta de Andalucía, FEDER, "Andalucía se mueve con Europa" P18-FR-4477"ERDF A way of making Europe" Unión Europea PID2020-113022GB-I0

Biodeterioration patterns found in dammar resin used as art material

Since the middle of the XIX century, when dammar became popular in Occident, this natural resin is one of the most used in art painting techniques as final protective coating (varnish) as well as a component of pictorial media. The present work is the first approach to the study of the microbiological biodeterioration of this artistic material, which can seriously affect the appearance and integrity of works of art when bad conservation conditions -especially high humidity levels- take place. 12 microorganisms, fungi and bacteria, came from collection and from oil paintings affected by biodeterioration patterns, were inoculated on test specimens prepared with varnish dammar. These were incubated and analyzed by GC-MS to determine both the microbiological capacity of growth and chemical alteration on the resin. Some of the studied microorganisms have shown patterns of deterioration similar to those found in works dedicated to natural or accelerated photochemical ageing of triterpenoid varnishes.This study was supported by the National Spanish Project “I+D+I MCYT” CTQ2005-09339-C03-03

Estudio del biodeterioro e identificación de microorganismos de cinco obras pictóricas sobre lienzo pertenecientes al conjunto histórico artístico de la Abadía Benedictina de San Martino della Scala de Palermo, Italia

El estudio del biodeterioro en los procesos de restauración de pintura sobre lienzo es una de las disciplinas menos estudiadas debido a la complejidad del protocolo analítico que requiere. Este proceso de carácter multidisciplinar se extiende desde el estudio histórico-artístico y material de las obras, las condiciones bioclimáticas en que se exponen y un proceso científico de identificación de microorganismos que puede emplear distintas técnicas tales como la siembra en cultivos microbiológicos, la microscopía óptica y la microscopía electrónica de alta resolución. Un adecuado estudio e identificación de los mismos profundizará en el análisis y evaluación de los distintos procesos de biodeterioro de las obras así como un adecuado control preventivo del microclima. El caso que aquí estudiamos se dedica a la identificación de microorganismos encontrados en la superficie pictórica de una serie de cinco obras de gran formato pertenecientes al patrimonio mueble de la Abadía Benedictina de San Martino delle Scale de Palermo, Italia

El estado de conservación de las fuentes del Patio de los Arrayanes en la Alhambra.

https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/atrio/article/view/3124Universidad Pablo de Olavid

Diagnosis y tratamiento del deterioro por microalgas en los palacios nazaríes de la Alhambra

Fernando C. Bolívar GalianoTesis Univ. Granad

Varnishes with Biocidal Activity: A New Approach to Protecting Artworks

Keeping agents that cause biodeterioration under control is a common task in restoring and conserving artworks. However, there are very few studies, specifically those concentrating on pictorial works, that provide solutions compatible with the complex mix of organic and inorganic materials to be found in such cultural assets. This study aims to use biocide products that are commonly used in this field (benzalkonium chloride, o-phenylphenol, and tributyltin naphthenate) and which are associated with natural varnishes with a long tradition in artistic practices, in order to protect paintings and polychrome sculptures from environmental fungi and bacteria without altering the original materials or the visual appearance of the artworks. The effectiveness or innocuousness of the treatments was tested chemically and visually via optical microscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS); the treatments produced good results as regards the inhibition of microbial growth and scarce interaction with the artistic materials being studied.Desarrollo de Nuevas Sinergias Arte-Ciencia aplicadas a la Conservacion y Restauracion de los Palacios y Jardines de la Alhambra y el Generalife (VIRARTE), MINECO HAR2016-79886-PMetodos sinergicos Arte-Ciencia-Tecnologia para la Conservacion-Restauracion de la Alhambra y otros Bienes Culturales (VIRARTE II), MICINN PID2019-109713RB-I00La aplicacion de las algas procedentes de la Alhambra y el Generalife en tecnicas artisticas y de conservacion-restauracion (FICOARTE), Universidad de Granada A-HUM-279-UGR18Modalidad Frontera consolidado en el ambito del Plan Andaluz de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion (PAIDI 2020) P18-FR-447

Estudio y análisis de los procesos de alteración microbiológica en pintura sobre lienzo: aplicaciones en el patrimonio quiteño

En lugares como los claustros de los conventos y monasterios se encuentran expuestas pinturas sobre lienzo en ambientes donde la acción microbiológica puede desarrollar episodios de alteración en los materiales artísticos. La U.T.E (Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial) y el I.N.P.C (Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural) han iniciado un proyecto de investigación con contraparte de la SENESCYT (Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación) con el fin de realizar estudios del biodeterioro en bienes culturales de la ciudad de Quito. El caso inicial motivo de examen será el conjunto monumental de la Iglesia y Convento de San Francisco. Con este trabajo se presenta una revisión de los últimos avances relacionados en el análisis e identificación de la acción microbiana en pintura sobre lienzo, llevados a cabo en los últimos años en la UGR, Universidad de Granada (España). Se estudiarán diversas técnicas que se están empleando para la visualización del biodeterioro, tales como la microscopía electrónica de alta resolución (FESEM), y para la identificación de especies, como el empleo de técnicas de Biología Molecular. Igualmente se presentan distintos protocolos de análisis y el ensayo de estudios experimentales en laboratorio para el control del comportamiento de los materiales artísticos y la búsqueda de nuevos tratamientos de conservación preventiva, exponiendo propuestas para su estudio en el patrimonio Quiteño

Frequent Microalgae in the Fountains of the Alhambra and Generalife: Identification and Creation of a Culture Collection

Cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms are significant factors in the biodeterioration of stone cultural heritage sites, and specifically fountain monuments, due to the constant presence of water. In this study, samples were taken from di erent fountains in the Alhambra and Generalife, which are among the Spanish monuments of greatest historical and artistic value and which together were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984. The aim was to identify which species of colonising microalgae are most frequent and to obtain monoalgal cultures from them. From a conservation point of view, it is interesting to identify which algae are growing in these fountains and how they behave in order to develop new methods to control their growth. The most abundant groups of algae in our samples were green algae and cyanobacteria. The most common genera in the former group were Bracteacoccus, Chlorosarcina, Chlorosarcinopsis, Apatococcus and Klebsormidium. As for cyanobacteria, the most abundant genera were Phormidium, Calothrix, Leptolyngbya, Chamaesiphon, Pleurocapsa and Chlorogloea. Using our collected samples, 10 genera of green algae and 13 genera of cyanobacteria were isolated, thereby constituting the base samples for the creation of a reference collection of living algae from the Alhambra and Generalife contexts, which can be used in subsequent studies to develop new types of treatment against biodeterioration.MINECO HAR2016-79886-PSpanish Government PID2019-109713RB-I00 A-HUM-279-UGR18Universidad de Granada A-HUM-279-UGR18Patronato de la Alhambra y el Generalife Adenda 1/201

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development

One of the most important weathering factors of building stone, besides the meteorological phenomena (rain, snow, drought, hail…) is the biodeterioration produced by micro-organisms. In situations of water stress or extreme temperatures, microorganisms respond with the excretion of several metabolites that can affect stone. The effect of some metabolites (citric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, glucose and glycerol) has been evaluated on two types of stone with dissimilar porosity, limestone and Macael marble. The samples have been subjected to several cycles of exposure to metabolites, followed by freezing and desiccation as well as other cycles without exposure. The deterioration of the stones has been quantitatively evaluated by physical properties (bulk density, porosity, absorption and capillary water absorption). This study has concluded that deterioration depends on the nature of the stone, the presence or absence of metabolite and its chemical nature. The control of microorganisms present on building stone is essential for its conservation.Universidad de GranadaAyuntamiento de GranadaPatronato de la Alhambra y Generalife. Consejería de Cultura. Junta de AndalucíaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación de la Universidad de GranadaTurismo Ciudad de Granada. Ayuntamiento de Granad