County-Level Trends and Potential Disparities in the Suicide Rates in Virginia, 2020 – 2022

Abstract Objectives This study aims to investigate the influence of social determinants of health (SDH) on suicide patterns in the state of Virginia. Methods A secondary statistical analysis was conducted using publicly accessible data from the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps database for Virginia. Data from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed, focusing on age-adjusted suicide rates and SDH factors, including % rural, mental health provider rate, median household income, high school completion, and unemployment rates. Multiple regression analysis and visualizations were employed for data interpretation. Results The analysis revealed that SDH factors significantly predicted suicide rates across the study period. Median household income consistently emerged as a strong predictor of suicide in 2021 and 2022, indicating a decrease in suicide risk with higher income levels. High-risk areas, especially in rural and suburban counties, were noticed, with Southern counties having a slightly higher burden of suicide rates. Conclusion This study shows that SDH impacts suicide rates in Virginia, and there is a need for tailored interventions for high-risk areas. Economic stability and location matter. Addressing SDH, enhancing mental health access, and promoting community well-being is vital in suicide prevention. Keywords: Suicide, social determinants of health, rural-urban divide, racial disparities, mental health, public health, risk factors, Virginia, United States, age-adjusted suicide rates, poverty, median household incom