ТНЕ EFFECT OF HIGH DOSES OF CAFFEINE (30 mg/1000 g BODY WEIGHT) ON BLOOD AМУLASЕ AСТIVIТУ OF МALЕ RATS

The studies of numerous authors  have estblished that small doses of caffeine (8 mg/1000 g) increase the inhibitory processes, whereas moderate doses (20 mg/1000 g) and large doses (60 mg/1000 g body weight) increase the processes of excitation in the centra1 nervous system.The parenteral administration of а moderade doses of caffeine (15 mg/1000 g body weight) gives rise to an increase of amyilase activity in theblооd of male rats (6). We assumed that under the influence of the created process of excitation in the central nervous system the secretion of androgen hormones from the testes and adrenal cortex is increased. Androgen hormones and testosterone in partioular as we have already shown activate amylase in vivo.Оn the other hand, in in vitro experiments Vincent D. and Lagreu R. have estblished аn inhibitory effect of caffeine in concentrations higher than М/200 оn salivary, pancreatic and malz amylase. Concentrations of М/200 and less display по effect. In а previous рарег we reported of the administration of 15 mg/1000 g caffeine, which corresiponds to а concentration lower than М/200.In the present work we set ourselves the task to study the effects of higher doses of caffeine (30 mg/1000 g body weight) оn amylase activity in theblооd in order to establish whether the observed in vitro effect would occur in vivo.Data lack in the availaЫe literature on studies of the caffeine effect оn amylase in vivo

Therapeutic approach to idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Идиопатичната хипертрофична кардиомиопатия е рядко срещана в детска възраст с висок потенциален риск от фатален край. Отличителен белег е миокардната хипертрофия при липса на хемодинамична причина. От първия описан случай на експериментално лечение на кърмаче през 1971 г. бета-блокерите имат водеща роля в медикаментозното лечение с вариации в дозовите режими. По последни литературни данни и клинични проучвания употребата на високи дози бета-блокер неоспоримо показва значим процент на преживяемост в дългосрочен план.Представяме клиничен случай на 11-месечно кърмаче, което постъпва в нашата клиника с данни за сърдечна недостатъчност. От проведените образни изследвания - рентгенография на гръден кош и ехокардиография, се установи изразена симетрична хипертрофична необструктивна кардиомиопатия. Започна се медикаментозно лечение с пропранолол в постепенно покачваща се доза до 5 мг / кг / 24 часа. Няколко седмици по-късно при контролно ехокардиографско изследване се установи значително подобрение в диастолната функция на лява камера с известна регресия в хипертрофията на миокарда. Контролираното прилагане на високи дози бета-блокери би могло съществено да подобри прогнозата и дългосрочната преживяемост при пациентите с идиопатична хипертрофична кардиомиопатия.Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare disease in childhood with a high potential of a lethal outcome. The hallmark of the disorder is myocardial hypertrophy that occurs in the absence of an obvious hemodynamic stimulus. Since the first case of an experimental treatment of an infant described in 1971, beta blockers have become one of the leading medication options with variations of the dose regimens. According to the current literature data and clinical trials the use of beta blockers in high doses is consistent with a high percentage of survival.We`re presenting a clinical case of an 11-month old infant, who was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. The chest radiography and echocardiography results showed a severe symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without an obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract. The treatment was started with Propranolol in a titrating dose until reaching the dose of 5mg/kg/24hours. Several weeks later, echocardiography examination showed a significant improvement in the left ventricle diastolic function with some degree of regression of myocardial hypertrophy.The use of high doses of beta blockers together with the monitoring of the clinical state could improve the prognosis and survival in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Synthesis of Some Optically Active α-Pyridyl-carbinols and Determination of Absolute Configuration from the CD of Their in situ Complexes with [MO2(OAc)4 ]

Four new a-pyridyl-aryl-carbinols have been synthesized, and twelve such racemates have been for the first time resolved by standard procedures. From the positive CD-couplet of the complex between (S)-l and 23 an antiperiplanar arrangement of the H-C(OH, Ph)-C.(Py)-N-moiety could be derived as the preferred conformation. From the CD-spectra above 300 nm of this and seven other compounds of known absolute configuration in the presence of 23 the following correlation with stereochemistry was derived, which was then applied to determining the absolute configuration of fourteen other a-pyridyl-aryl-carbinols: for (R)-configuration negative CD-bands appear between 500 to 510 (sometimes detectable only as shoulder) and at 408 to 470 nm, between 335 to 380 nm apositive Cotton effect is registered, and another one shows up below 320 nm, which has mostly apositive sign for secondary, but anegative one for tertiary carbinols of the mentioned absolute sense of chirality

Therapeutic approach to idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Идиопатичната хипертрофична кардиомиопатия е рядко срещана в детска възраст с висок потенциален риск от фатален край. Основен отличителен белег е миокардната хипертрофия при липса на хемодинамична причина. От първия описан случай на експериментално лечение на кърмаче през 1971 г., бета-блокерите имат водеща роля в медикаментозното лечение с вариации в дозовите режими. По последни литературни данни и клинични проучвания употребата на високи дози бета-блокер неоспоримо показва значим процент на преживяемост в дългосрочен план.Представяме клиничен случай на 11-месечно кърмаче, което постъпва в нашата клиника с данни за сърдечна недостатъчност. От проведените образни изследвания - рентгенография на гръден кош и ехокардиография, се установи изразена симетрична хипертрофична необструктивна кардиомиопатия. Започна се медикаментозно лечение с пропранолол в постепенно покачваща се доза до 5мг/кг / 24часа. Няколко седмици по-късно при контролно ехокардиографско изследване се установи значително подобрение в диастолната функция на лява камера с известна регресия в хипертрофията на миокарда.Контролираното прилагане на високи дози бета-блокери би могло съществено да подобри прогнозата и дългосрочната преживяемост при пациентите с идиопатична хипертрофична кардиомиопатия.We`re presenting a clinical case of an 11-month old infant, who was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. The chest radiography and echocardiography results showed a severe symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without an obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract. The treatment was started with Propranolol in a titrating dose until reaching the dose of 5mg/kg/24h. Several weeks later, echocardiography examination showed a significant improvement in the left ventricular diastolic function with a certain degree of regression of the myocardial hypertrophy.The use of high doses of beta blockers together with the monitoring of the clinical state could improve the prognosis and survival in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare disease in childhood with a high probability of a lethal outcome. The hallmark of the disorder is myocardial hypertrophy that occurs in the absence of an obvious hemodynamic stimulus. Since the first case of an experimental treatment of an infant described in 1971, beta blockers have become one of the leading medication options with variations of the dose regimes. According to the current literature data and clinical trials, the use of beta blockers in high doses is consistent with a high percentage of survival

Organizational culture as a driving force in modern organizations

Macedonian economy has been an underdeveloped economy for a number of years. Formal aspects of the organizational culture were not introduced in the local organizations. However, through the decades, the concept of strong culture, based on the values of the leaders, has been present. The goal of this paper is: • To identify culture dimensions in Macedonian organizations; • To identify any possible changes after the EUCS ( EU Candidate Status has been awarded) • To present possible solutions to the culture as a driving force in the organizations We have concluded a survey with 100 participants that answered the questionnaire. The sample was structured so that we had participants from both non managerial level and first line managers, coming from corporations ( 60%) and non for profit organizations (40%)

The human resource related activities and quality function deployment

The idea of paper is to explore the function of HR department, but from standpoint of service quality provided by HR department. The service quality for the department mentioned above, within the organization, will be presented as category, depending from a couple of factors including the type of business, the level of organizational development in terms of organization lifecycle, the range or organization, etc. The HR function that will be a subject of research and evaluation, but in terms of service quality level provided to the employees will include training and developed activities, career development, and then performance appraisal system and compensation as well. The research will have to answer the question of how the quality for HR function are (no)related with other factors, and from that sense, the usage of the paper is expected to be put in function when design internal processes related with HR function; as well as to be foreseen the possible problem that may occur in organization regarding the independent categorization as of type of business etc

Individual Differences on Job Stress and Related Ill Health

Background: Work-related stress is becoming one of the key themes for attention because of its serious threats on workers’ wellbeing, job dissatisfaction and absenteeism.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the employees' individual differences in the perception of main workplace stressors, perceived job related stress and experienced health consequences.Methods: In a cross-sectional study a sample of 106 employees was surveyed within a private enterprise in Republic of Macedonia.Results: Analysis showed significant differences in experienced stress at work due to age, marital status, number of children, time spend in the current work position and working hours per day. Stressors such as: lack of personal knowledge and skills (60.4%), big pressure for last minute job completion (60.4%) and unstable work position (47.2%) were pointed out the most potential sources for job stress. The majority of employees who always experience health problems as a result of job stress were female (61.9%), on non-managerial position (85.7%), and 5 to 10 years in the current work position (42.9%).Conclusion: Employees are exposed to many potential work related stressors which differently affect their job satisfaction and result in ill health. A better understanding of the individual characteristics and potential stressors should subsequently help managers' better deal with this problem. This underlines the need for further research and design of stress reduction interventions

Vox Organizationis – theoretical basis and methodological considerations in the development of an instrument for organizational culture

Management scientists have been trying to identify the impact of various external and internal aspects on organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Some of them focused on cultural, psychological and “internal sociological issues, others on environmental issues, market trends, and strategic positioning. Many of them focused on researching and conceptualizing the organizational culture as an important concept for organizational functioning. However, it has proved difficult to define and measure the concept. This paper will therefore present the various definitions, conceptualizations and instruments for measuring organizational culture. Looking at the literature and research to date we provide a critical examination of the various approaches to measuring culture and synthesize an approach adapted to the region of South-Eastern Europe. The paper presents theoretical considerations as well as methodological approach for the development of an instrument for organizational culture. The proposed instrument called ‘Vox Organizationis’ is much more than simple measurement of organizational culture. It provides a starting point for a holistic vision of the organization. The approach enables exploration of the alignment level between organizational culture, leader’s values, organizational structure as well as organizational strategy

Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire among General Population

AIM: The aim of the study is to analyze the internal consistency; validity and factor structure of the twelve item General Health Questionnaire for the Macedonian general population.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data came from nationally representative sample of 1603 randomly selected Macedonians all aged 18 years or older.RESULTS: The mean GHQ score in the general sample was found to be 7.9 (SD = 4.3). The results revealed a higher GHQ score among women (M = 8.91, SD = 4.5) compared to men (M = 6.89; SD = 4.2). The participants from the rural areas obtained a lower GHQ score (M = 7.55, SD = 3.8) compared to participants coming from the urban areas (M = 9.37, SD = 4.1). The principal component analysis with oblique rotation (direct oblimin) with maximum likelihood procedure solution was performed and the results yielded a three factor solution which jointly accounted for 57.17% of the total variance: Factor I named social management (items 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8); Factor II stress (items 2, 5 and 9) and Factor III named self-confidence (items 10, 11 and 12). Its factor structure is in line with representative research from other population groups.CONCLUSION: The GHQ-12 can be used effectively for assessment of the overall psychological well-being and detection of non-psychotic psychiatric problems among the Macedonian population