20 research outputs found

    Ruptures, renaissances et continuitĂ©s.: Modes de construction de l’histoire de l’art maghrĂ©bin

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    International audienceCet article propose une Ă©tude comparative de l’histoire des arts visuels en AlgĂ©rie et en Tunisie des annĂ©es 1960 Ă  1980. En prenant appui sur les textes produits aprĂšs les indĂ©pendances (catalogues d’exposi­tions publiĂ©s dans le pays ou Ă  l’étranger, monographies et essais sur l’histoire de l’art), l’objectif est d’analyser la construction et l’évolution des discours sur l’art dans deux pays culturellement proches. Si un premier constat amĂšne Ă  identifier des problĂ©matiques communes, une Ă©tude plus fine des sources permet de faire Ă©merger des divergences liĂ©es Ă  des histoires spĂ©cifiques. Cette Ă©tude interroge par ailleurs l’homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des textes de rĂ©fĂ©rence produits Ă  partir des annĂ©es 1980 et la façon dont s’est constituĂ©e et transmise une histoire des arts visuels dans chacun des deux pays. En effet, les auteurs fixent des pĂ©riodisations et renvoient Ă  un nombre d’acteurs si limitĂ© qu’il semble peu probable qu’ils soient les seuls instigateurs de l’émergence et de l’institution­nalisation des mondes de l’art moderne et contemporain. Nous sommes parties du postulat que l’analyse des Ă©crits et de leur Ă©volution donnerait des clĂ©s pour comprendre le processus par lequel l’histoire glorieuse des mouvements artistiques algĂ©riens et tunisiens s’est constituĂ©e. Nous proposons donc de repenser la mise en place de cette histoire dominante Ă  travers l’étude des processus d’écriture de l’histoire de l’art

    Arts visuels. Contextualiser nos regards

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    International audienceLe processus de dĂ©colonisation au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient s’est accompagnĂ© d’une profonde mutation, avec la conscience de l’absolue nĂ©cessitĂ© de se dĂ©partir d’un point de vue orientaliste sur les productions artistiques d’un espace longtemps placĂ© plus ou moins directement sous la domination de puissances Ă©trangĂšres, et aspirant Ă  s’en libĂ©rer. Se pose ainsi la question du regard que nous portons sur les arts visuels de la rĂ©gion tels qu’ils se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s depuis plus d’un siĂšcle. L’attention portĂ©e au contexte dans lequel se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s ces arts permet de dĂ©passer des catĂ©gorisations restrictives (art islamique ou art arabe, par exemple) et des grilles de lectures inadĂ©quates, Ă©laborĂ©es pour d’autres espaces et d’autres objets. En inscrivant l’analyse de l’art dans le champ des sciences sociales, comme y ont invitĂ© les Visual Studies, les recherches qui composent ce dossier recourent Ă  diffĂ©rentes approches disciplinaires, en partant de l’étude des Ɠuvres, des artistes et de leurs parcours, des terrains de recherche et de leurs difficultĂ©s, des institutions politiques et des cadres sociaux. Elles permettent ainsi d’envisager les Ɠuvres et les acteurs des mondes de l’art dans leur relation avec les cultures visuelles, les sociĂ©tĂ©s et les structures politiques oĂč ils se dĂ©ploient

    Pwp2 mediates UTP-B assembly via two structurally independent domains

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    The SSU processome constitutes a large ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the early steps of ribosome biogenesis. UTP-B is one of the first multi-subunit protein complexes that associates with the pre-ribosomal RNA to form the SSU processome. To understand the molecular basis of the hierarchical assembly of the SSU-processome, we have undergone a structural and functional analysis of the UTP-B subunit Pwp2p. We show that Pwp2p is required for the proper assembly of UTP-B and for a productive association of UTP-B with pre-rRNA. These two functions are mediated by two distinct structural domains. The N-terminal domain of Pwp2p folds into a tandem WD-repeat (tWD) that associates with Utp21p, Utp18p, and Utp6p to form a core complex. The CTDs of Pwp2p and Utp21p mediate the assembly of the heterodimer Utp12p: Utp13p that is required for the stable incorporation of the UTP-B complex in the SSU processome. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting a role of UTP-B as a platform for the binding of assembly factors during the maturation of 20S rRNA precursors

    Profiling the intragenic toxicity determinants of toxin–antitoxin systems: revisiting hok / Sok regulation

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    International audienceType I toxin–antitoxin systems (T1TAs) are extremely potent bacterial killing systems difficult to characterize using classical approaches. To assess the killing capability of type I toxins and to identify mutations suppressing the toxin expression or activity, we previously developed the FASTBAC-Seq (Functional AnalysiS of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in BACteria by Deep Sequencing) method in Helicobacter pylori. This method combines a life and death selection with deep sequencing. Here, we adapted and improved our method to investigate T1TAs in the model organism Escherichia coli. As a proof of concept, we revisited the regulation of the plasmidic hok/Sok T1TA system. We revealed the death-inducing phenotype of the Hok toxin when it is expressed from the chromosome in the absence of the antitoxin and recovered previously described intragenic toxicity determinants of this system. We identified nucleotides that are essential for the transcription, translation or activity of Hok. We also discovered single-nucleotide substitutions leading to structural changes affecting either the translation or the stability of the hok mRNA. Overall, we provide the community with an easy-to-use approach to widely characterize TA systems from diverse types and bacteria

    LdFlabarin, a new BAR domain membrane protein of Leishmania flagellum.

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    International audienceDuring the Leishmania life cycle, the flagellum undergoes successive assembly and disassembly of hundreds of proteins. Understanding these processes necessitates the study of individual components. Here, we investigated LdFlabarin, an uncharacterized L. donovani flagellar protein. The gene is conserved within the Leishmania genus and orthologous genes only exist in the Trypanosoma genus. LdFlabarin associates with the flagellar plasma membrane, extending from the base to the tip of the flagellum as a helicoidal structure. Site-directed mutagenesis, deletions and chimera constructs showed that LdFlabarin flagellar addressing necessitates three determinants: an N-terminal potential acylation site and a central BAR domain for membrane targeting and the C-terminal domain for flagellar specificity. In vitro, the protein spontaneously associates with liposomes, triggering tubule formation, which suggests a structural/morphogenetic function. LdFlabarin is the first characterized Leishmania BAR domain protein, and the first flagellum-specific BAR domain protein

    Localization of <i>Ld</i>Flabarin-mRed deletion mutants and chimeras.

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    <p>(A). <i>L. amazonensis</i> cells expressing <i>Ld</i>Flabarin-mRed, <i>Ld</i>Flabarin/C4S-mRed, F(1–255)-mRed and F(1–12)-mRed-F(256–339) were fractionated into soluble and membrane fractions by 100 000 g centrifugation in presence and absence of 0.5% NP-40; equivalent of 7.5 10<sup>6</sup> cells supernatants (S and SN, N for NP-40) and pellets (P and PN) were submitted to SDS-PAGE and western blotting with anti-<i>Ld</i>Flabarin as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0076380#pone-0076380-g002" target="_blank">Fig 2D</a>. (B–E) <i>L. amazonensis</i> expressing red fluorescent proteins were fixed, DAPI stained for nuclear (not always visible) and kinetoplast DNAs coloration (blue), and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Constructs are schematically represented by a multicolored bar with the same color codes as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0076380#pone.0076380.s002" target="_blank">Figure S2</a>; the BAR domain is schematized by a black bar under the constructs. (B) <i>Ld</i>Flabarin/N267Q-mRed. (C) <i>Ld</i>Flabarin-mRed (1–339). (D) <i>Ld</i>Flabarin/C4S-mRed. (E) F(1–12)-Red-F(256–339). (F) F(1–255)-mRed. Bars correspond to 5 ”m.</p
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