20 research outputs found
Deltaic and Coastal Sediments as Recorders of Mediterranean Regional Climate and Human Impact Over the Past Three Millennia
International audienc
Ruptures, renaissances et continuitĂ©s.: Modes de construction de lâhistoire de lâart maghrĂ©bin
International audienceCet article propose une Ă©tude comparative de lâhistoire des arts visuels en AlgĂ©rie et en Tunisie des annĂ©es 1960 Ă 1980. En prenant appui sur les textes produits aprĂšs les indĂ©pendances (catalogues dâexposiÂtions publiĂ©s dans le pays ou Ă lâĂ©tranger, monographies et essais sur lâhistoire de lâart), lâobjectif est dâanalyser la construction et lâĂ©volution des discours sur lâart dans deux pays culturellement proches. Si un premier constat amĂšne Ă identifier des problĂ©matiques communes, une Ă©tude plus fine des sources permet de faire Ă©merger des divergences liĂ©es Ă des histoires spĂ©cifiques. Cette Ă©tude interroge par ailleurs lâhomogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des textes de rĂ©fĂ©rence produits Ă partir des annĂ©es 1980 et la façon dont sâest constituĂ©e et transmise une histoire des arts visuels dans chacun des deux pays. En effet, les auteurs fixent des pĂ©riodisations et renvoient Ă un nombre dâacteurs si limitĂ© quâil semble peu probable quâils soient les seuls instigateurs de lâĂ©mergence et de lâinstitutionÂnalisation des mondes de lâart moderne et contemporain. Nous sommes parties du postulat que lâanalyse des Ă©crits et de leur Ă©volution donnerait des clĂ©s pour comprendre le processus par lequel lâhistoire glorieuse des mouvements artistiques algĂ©riens et tunisiens sâest constituĂ©e. Nous proposons donc de repenser la mise en place de cette histoire dominante Ă travers lâĂ©tude des processus dâĂ©criture de lâhistoire de lâart
Etude des relations structure-fonctions de l'enzyme Hma impliquée dans la biosynthÚse des acides mycoliques chez le bacile tuberculeux
TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Arts visuels. Contextualiser nos regards
International audienceLe processus de dĂ©colonisation au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient sâest accompagnĂ© dâune profonde mutation, avec la conscience de lâabsolue nĂ©cessitĂ© de se dĂ©partir dâun point de vue orientaliste sur les productions artistiques dâun espace longtemps placĂ© plus ou moins directement sous la domination de puissances Ă©trangĂšres, et aspirant Ă sâen libĂ©rer. Se pose ainsi la question du regard que nous portons sur les arts visuels de la rĂ©gion tels quâils se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s depuis plus dâun siĂšcle. Lâattention portĂ©e au contexte dans lequel se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s ces arts permet de dĂ©passer des catĂ©gorisations restrictives (art islamique ou art arabe, par exemple) et des grilles de lectures inadĂ©quates, Ă©laborĂ©es pour dâautres espaces et dâautres objets. En inscrivant lâanalyse de lâart dans le champ des sciences sociales, comme y ont invitĂ© les Visual Studies, les recherches qui composent ce dossier recourent Ă diffĂ©rentes approches disciplinaires, en partant de lâĂ©tude des Ćuvres, des artistes et de leurs parcours, des terrains de recherche et de leurs difficultĂ©s, des institutions politiques et des cadres sociaux. Elles permettent ainsi dâenvisager les Ćuvres et les acteurs des mondes de lâart dans leur relation avec les cultures visuelles, les sociĂ©tĂ©s et les structures politiques oĂč ils se dĂ©ploient
Pwp2 mediates UTP-B assembly via two structurally independent domains
The SSU processome constitutes a large ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the early steps of ribosome biogenesis. UTP-B is one of the first multi-subunit protein complexes that associates with the pre-ribosomal RNA to form the SSU processome. To understand the molecular basis of the hierarchical assembly of the SSU-processome, we have undergone a structural and functional analysis of the UTP-B subunit Pwp2p. We show that Pwp2p is required for the proper assembly of UTP-B and for a productive association of UTP-B with pre-rRNA. These two functions are mediated by two distinct structural domains. The N-terminal domain of Pwp2p folds into a tandem WD-repeat (tWD) that associates with Utp21p, Utp18p, and Utp6p to form a core complex. The CTDs of Pwp2p and Utp21p mediate the assembly of the heterodimer Utp12p: Utp13p that is required for the stable incorporation of the UTP-B complex in the SSU processome. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting a role of UTP-B as a platform for the binding of assembly factors during the maturation of 20S rRNA precursors
Profiling the intragenic toxicity determinants of toxinâantitoxin systems: revisiting hok / Sok regulation
International audienceType I toxinâantitoxin systems (T1TAs) are extremely potent bacterial killing systems difficult to characterize using classical approaches. To assess the killing capability of type I toxins and to identify mutations suppressing the toxin expression or activity, we previously developed the FASTBAC-Seq (Functional AnalysiS of ToxinâAntitoxin Systems in BACteria by Deep Sequencing) method in Helicobacter pylori. This method combines a life and death selection with deep sequencing. Here, we adapted and improved our method to investigate T1TAs in the model organism Escherichia coli. As a proof of concept, we revisited the regulation of the plasmidic hok/Sok T1TA system. We revealed the death-inducing phenotype of the Hok toxin when it is expressed from the chromosome in the absence of the antitoxin and recovered previously described intragenic toxicity determinants of this system. We identified nucleotides that are essential for the transcription, translation or activity of Hok. We also discovered single-nucleotide substitutions leading to structural changes affecting either the translation or the stability of the hok mRNA. Overall, we provide the community with an easy-to-use approach to widely characterize TA systems from diverse types and bacteria
LdFlabarin, a new BAR domain membrane protein of Leishmania flagellum.
International audienceDuring the Leishmania life cycle, the flagellum undergoes successive assembly and disassembly of hundreds of proteins. Understanding these processes necessitates the study of individual components. Here, we investigated LdFlabarin, an uncharacterized L. donovani flagellar protein. The gene is conserved within the Leishmania genus and orthologous genes only exist in the Trypanosoma genus. LdFlabarin associates with the flagellar plasma membrane, extending from the base to the tip of the flagellum as a helicoidal structure. Site-directed mutagenesis, deletions and chimera constructs showed that LdFlabarin flagellar addressing necessitates three determinants: an N-terminal potential acylation site and a central BAR domain for membrane targeting and the C-terminal domain for flagellar specificity. In vitro, the protein spontaneously associates with liposomes, triggering tubule formation, which suggests a structural/morphogenetic function. LdFlabarin is the first characterized Leishmania BAR domain protein, and the first flagellum-specific BAR domain protein
Localization of <i>Ld</i>Flabarin-mRed deletion mutants and chimeras.
<p>(A). <i>L. amazonensis</i> cells expressing <i>Ld</i>Flabarin-mRed, <i>Ld</i>Flabarin/C4S-mRed, F(1â255)-mRed and F(1â12)-mRed-F(256â339) were fractionated into soluble and membrane fractions by 100 000 g centrifugation in presence and absence of 0.5% NP-40; equivalent of 7.5 10<sup>6</sup> cells supernatants (S and SN, N for NP-40) and pellets (P and PN) were submitted to SDS-PAGE and western blotting with anti-<i>Ld</i>Flabarin as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0076380#pone-0076380-g002" target="_blank">Fig 2D</a>. (BâE) <i>L. amazonensis</i> expressing red fluorescent proteins were fixed, DAPI stained for nuclear (not always visible) and kinetoplast DNAs coloration (blue), and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Constructs are schematically represented by a multicolored bar with the same color codes as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0076380#pone.0076380.s002" target="_blank">Figure S2</a>; the BAR domain is schematized by a black bar under the constructs. (B) <i>Ld</i>Flabarin/N267Q-mRed. (C) <i>Ld</i>Flabarin-mRed (1â339). (D) <i>Ld</i>Flabarin/C4S-mRed. (E) F(1â12)-Red-F(256â339). (F) F(1â255)-mRed. Bars correspond to 5 ”m.</p