5 research outputs found
Construction and characterisation of infectious recombinant HIV-1 clones containing CTL epitopes from structural proteins in Nef.
In this study the construction is described of HIV-1 molecular clones in which CTL epitopes from RT or Env late proteins were inserted into the Nef early protein. The ectopic epitopes were efficiently processed from the recombinant Nef proteins, were recognized by their cognate CTL in cytolytic assays, and did not perturb virus replication or viral protein expression in vitro. These recombinant viruses will therefore be an important tool in studying the effect of distinct epitope expression kinetics on the efficiency of CTL-mediated suppression of HIV-1 replication
Coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 primary isolates and biological clones is broad and does not correlate with their syncytium-inducing capacities
Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells is
mediated by binding of the surface envelope glycoprotein to the CD4
molecule. Interaction of the resulting CD4-glycoprotein complex with
alpha- or beta-chemokine receptors, depending on the biological phenotype
of the virus, then initiates the fusion process. Here, we show that
primary HIV-2 isolates and biological clones, in contrast to those of
HIV-1, may use a broad range of coreceptors, including CCR-1, CCR-3,
CCR-5, and CXCR-4. The syncytium-inducing capacity of these viruses did
not correlate with the ability to infect via CXCR-4 or any other
coreceptor. One cell-free passage of the intermediate isolates in
mitogen-stimulated, CD8+ cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells
resulted in the outgrowth of variants with CCR-5 only, whereas the
coreceptor usage of late and early isolates did not change. Since HIV-2 is
less pathogenic in vivo than HIV-1, these data suggest that HIV
pathogenicity in vivo is not directly related to the spectrum of
coreceptors used in in vitro systems
Decline of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of long-term nonprogressing macaques infected with SIVmac32H-J5.
The evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)âspecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLps) and their relationship with virus replication were studied in SIVâinfected macaques. After primary viremia, 3 of 8 macaques l
Impact of natural sequence variation in the V2 region of the envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on syncytium induction: A mutational analysis.
Several studies have demonstrated a functional role for the V1-V2 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 in the membrane fusion processes underlying viral entry and syncytium induction. In a study with chimeric primary envelope genes, we have previously demonstrated that the exchange of V2 regions was sufficient to transfer syncytium-inducing capacity to a non-syncytium-inducing envelope protein. The exchanged V2 regions, comprising a number of variable amino acids, conferred changes to both the predicted secondary structure and to the net positive charge of the V2 loops. In a syncytium-forming assay based on transient envelope protein expression in CD4+ SupT1 cells, we have extended this observation by mutating the variable positions of the V2 region to determine the relative contribution of individual amino acids to syncytium formation. It can be shown that simultaneous mutation of multiple amino acids is needed to interfere with the V2 region-determined syncytium-inducing phenotype. Single amino acid changes either influencing charge of predicted secondary structure of the V2 loop proved to be insufficient to abolish V2 region-controlled syncytium formation. This robust V2 organization may allow the virus to accumulate mutations, while retaining its biological phenotype