Multi-scale roughness transfer in cold metal rolling

We report on a comparative Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) multi-scale roughness analysis of cold rolled Al alloy and steel roll, in order to characterize the roughness transfer from the steel roll to the workpiece in cold strip rolling processes. More than three orders of length-scale magnitudes were investigated from 100 microns to 50 nanometers on both types of surfaces. The analysis reveals that both types of surfaces are anisotropic self-affine surfaces. Transverse and longitudinal height profiles exhibit a different roughness exponent (Hurst exponent) z֊=0.93±0.03 and zʈ=0.5±0.05 Different length-scale cut-offs are obtained in each direction lsup=50mm, lsupՆ100mm. Height and slope distributions are also computed to complement this study. The above mentionned self-affine characteresitics are found to be very similar for the roll and the strip surfaces, which suggest that roughness transfer takes place from the macroscopic (100 µm) to the very small scale (50 nm)

Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food social and economic history

Related data set “Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food” with doi www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ in repository “Data inrae”The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https://www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levels of the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles.Article signat per 14 autors/es Valentin Bellassen, Filippo Arfini, Federico Antonioli, Antonio Bodini, Michael Boehm, Ružica Brečić, Sara Chiussi, Peter Csillag, Michele Donati, Liesbeth Dries, Marion Drut, Matthieu Duboys de Labarre, Hugo Ferrer, Jelena Filipović, Lisa Gauvrit, José M. Gil, Matthew Gorton, Viet Hoàng, Mohamed Hilal, Kamilla Knutsen Steinnes, Apichaya Lilavanichakul, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Edward Majewski, Sylvette Monier-Dilhan, Paul Muller, Orachos Napasintuwong, Kalliroi Nikolaou, Mai Nguyen, An Nguyễn Quỳnh, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Jack Peerlings, Aron Török, Thomas Poméon, Bojan Ristic, Burkhard Schaer, Zaklina Stojanovic, Barbara Tocco, Marina Tomic Maksan, Mario Veneziani, and Gunnar VittersoPostprint (published version

Globalisation and the spatial concentration of production

Abstract In new trade theory (NTT) models, freer trade tends to increase the spatial concentration of industrial production across countries. While nations with large home markets and central geographical location become increasingly attractive business locations, small peripheral countries gradually deindustrialise. Using data for 26 industries, 20 OECD countries and 20 years, we investigate the empirical validity of this claim. Separating out the role of home market size from geographical factors, and using various panel methods, we find robust evidence in line with theory. Freer trade has indeed magnified the importance of domestic demand and geographical location for the pattern of industrial production across the globe and has therefore exacerbated spatial disparities. Keywords: Home market effect, hub effect, trade liberalisation, trade costs, increasing returns to scale, new trade theory, economic geography. JEL-Codes: F12, F15 * We are grateful to an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments. Parts of this paper were drafted when Niepmann was an intern at the World Bank. We are grateful to Mary Amiti, Michael Boehm, Giancarlo Corsetti, Matthieu Crozet, Benjamin Jung, Wilhelm Kohler, Andreas Kopp, and Davide Sala, as well as to seminar participants at EUI Florence and at the RIEF Meeting 2009 in Aix en Provence for comments and discussion. All remaining errors are ours

The main and accessory olfactory systems interact in the control of mate recognition and sexual behavior

Peer reviewe

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE) develops exascale transition capabilities in the domain of Solid Earth, an area of geophysics rich in computational challenges embracing different approaches to exascale (capability, capacity, and urgent computing). The first implementation phase of the project (ChEESE-1P; 2018¿2022) addressed scientific and technical computational challenges in seismology, tsunami science, volcanology, and magnetohydrodynamics, in order to understand the phenomena, anticipate the impact of natural disasters, and contribute to risk management. The project initiated the optimisation of 10 community flagship codes for the upcoming exascale systems and implemented 12 Pilot Demonstrators that combine the flagship codes with dedicated workflows in order to address the underlying capability and capacity computational challenges. Pilot Demonstrators reaching more mature Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) were further enabled in operational service environments on critical aspects of geohazards such as long-term and short-term probabilistic hazard assessment, urgent computing, and early warning and probabilistic forecasting. Partnership and service co-design with members of the project Industry and User Board (IUB) leveraged the uptake of results across multiple research institutions, academia, industry, and public governance bodies (e.g. civil protection agencies). This article summarises the implementation strategy and the results from ChEESE-1P, outlining also the underpinning concepts and the roadmap for the on-going second project implementation phase (ChEESE-2P; 2023¿2026).This work has been funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the ChEESE project, Grant Agreemen

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase

publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Probing the Metal-Oxide/Polymer Molecular Hybrid Interfaces With Nanoscale Resolution Using AFM-IR

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