STATE POLICY IN DOMESTIC COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT THE XX-XXI CENTURIES

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the state policy in domestic computing technology development at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. Methodology: The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism, objectivity and reliability. Main Findings: In a number of industry organizations, with the direct participation and under the guidance of the department members, unique automated systems are developed. Hence, the country needs to restructure and modernize its industrial potential, the dialogue between authorities and leading scientists, the training of highly qualified specialists in the field of engineering, etc. Applications: The research findings can be used by universities, cultural organizations, technology-media institutes and by graduate students in social sciences. Novelty/Originality: This paper studied Russia’s participation in the international division of labor. Russia’s entry into the global information community required the consideration of international standards during the creation of systems, which needed academic science support

Attempts of Forcing Oil Production on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War

In this study, the problem of attempts to reorganize the USSR's oil industry on the eve of the Great Patriotic War and speed up oil production and oil refining to ensure industrialization and defense plans are investigated. The conclusion is formulated that the plans were not fully supported by financial, human, and technological resources. The reasons for the failure to fulfill the plans were strategic miscalculations, ignoring the recommendations of leading scientists and the repression against a significant number of brilliant oil specialists who restored industry in the 1920s, reconstructing it and ensuring the flow of currency through the expansion of oil exports. The measures taken on the eve of the war to reorganize the management of the oil industry, its technical re-equipment, and intensification of oil production yielded specific results. But the growth rate of production was also hindered by insufficient exploration of areas and their unpreparedness for exploitation. Before the war, Azerbaijan remained the main oil base of the USSR. The development of “Second Baku” was unacceptably slow

Forms and Methods of Supply Chain Management of the Oil Industry in the 1920-ies. Activity of Oil Industry Council

On the basis of archival materials first introduced into scientific circulation, they studied the problem of the oil industry evolution in the 1920-ies, the specifics of the forms and methods of party-state management. The results of the activity and the role of the most prominent specialists who were the members of the Petroleum Industry Council at that time based on the supply chain management. During this period, the oil industry had great centralization of management, private capital was almost not allowed, self-financing was implemented to a minimum. Only oil trusts were to transfer all products to the industry syndicate. At the same time, archival documents allow not only to evaluate the colossal efforts of experts to restore and re-equip the industry, but also its importance for the development of the entire national economy in the context of the new economic policy implementation, make it possible to formulate the conclusion that by the end of the 1920-ies own research and development for the oil industry has become a fairly voluminous list

Situation in Oil Industry on Eve of World War II: Achievements and Miscalculations

The question of the reasons for the failure to fulfill the oil production plans on the eve of the Great Patriotic War is considered. The relevance of study is determined by the topicality of discussions concerning various aspects of the country’s history in the pre-war years, the importance of learning lessons from historical experience in developing a further strategy for the country’s socioeconomic development. Particular attention is paid to identifying the factors that determined the slow development of the Ural-Volga oil region in the 1930s, and the circumstances that led to the change in the government course. It was concluded that the recommendations of I. M. Gubkin and his supporters were considered, but by the beginning of the war, the second oil base had not been created. It has been proven that invaluable experience in production and oil refining in the climatic conditions of the Volga region led to the discovery of new deposits during the war years, an increase in the importance of the region in providing fuel to the front. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, on the basis of a significant array of previously unpublished archival documents, other reasons for the very difficult situation that developed in the oil industry in the pre-war years are more accurately identified. It has been proven that among them: insufficiently effective management of the industry, poorly organized geological exploration, weak material and technical base, shortage of personnel, repression of prominent oil workers