Small Scale Fisheries Analysis in A Sustainable Development Perspective

An international symposium devoted to Research and small-scale fisheries (Durand, Lemoalle, Weber, 1991) in Montpellier (France) in 1989 came from increasing evidence that “the complexity of small scale fisheries calls for applying knowledge from many fields in combined studies that can take advantage of a whole range of information”. Has this assessment changed twenty years later? The references to sustainable development and to socio and bio-ecological diversities have highlighted the relationships between small-scale fisheries and natural, economic, social, cultural, and institutional aspects. In this paper we exemplify such interactions in different small-scale fisheries contexts in relation with poverty and food security issues. We question the consequences of different types of fleet dynamics in terms of adaptability, vulnerability and resilience of harvested ecosystems, and the impacts of the regulation systems on fishing communities. More generally, we question the paradigm of sustainable self-regulated small-scale fisheries. Finally, with references to several worldwide case studies and ecosystems we provide a description of the diversity of small scale fisheries, of the frameworks used to represent them, and of associated sets of relevant indicators used in monitoring and management programs. This presentation may be a first step toward a revisited pluri-disciplinary research framework for small-scale fisheries. This could be based on a research network built in order to produce and mobilize knowledge from a more comprehensive set of small-scale fisheries case studies.Keywords: Small Scale Fisheries, Fisheries Economics, Fish and Aquaculture Sectors Developmen

L'algoculture dans le monde et ses contraintes

The commercial cultivation of seeweeds has allowed substantial increases in annual production, still essentially Asiatic. Howewer, alongside the traditionnal producers (China, Japan and Korea), new nations are emerging (Chili, Indonesia and Philippines). Human consumption remains the principal use but processing industries are diversifying. Primary transformation is carried out in Western nations. Algae production is thereby increasingly subject to external constraints at global scale (supply markets and demand) as well at the national and regional scales (ecological, social, cultural, juridical).L'algoculture a permis d'accroître considérablement les débarquements annuels, encore principalement asiatiques. A côté des grands producteurs traditionnels (Chine, Japon, Corée du Sud) sont apparus de nouveaux producteurs (Chili, Philippines, Indonésie). L'utilisation alimentaire reste dominante mais les industries aval se diversifient. Les pays occidentaux assurent l'essentiel de la transformation de la matière première. La production d'algues est donc soumise à des contraintes exogènes mondiales (marché de l'offre et de la demande) et des contraintes endogènes nationales ou régionales (écologiques, sociales, culturelles, juridiques...).Bodiguel Clothilde. L'algoculture dans le monde et ses contraintes. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 105, n°591, 1996. pp. 480-497