Регулирование информационного взаимодействия государственных органов с гражданами и организациями Украины

The system of a uniform information support of authorities and local management units is the integral part of information society and "E-government" of Ukraine. Its main objective is to provide efficiency for collection of information, creation of information resources, access to the information of authorities and the citizens, rise of efficiency of accepted solutions, support of information interactions of authorities; rendering real services from the state authorities to its citizens. Creation of such a system calls for enforcement issues inside the state bodies of the defined functions, development projects to define the rules in using interaction with citizens, implementations of the methods of process concepts and analysis of economic and social information

Soil aggregate stability governs field greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural soils

Agriculture is responsible for 30–50% of the yearly CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. Soils have an important role in the production and consumption of these greenhouse gases (GHGs), with soil aggregates and the inhabiting microbes proposed to function as biogeochemical reactors, processing these gases. Here we studied, for the first time, the relationship between GHG fluxes and aggregate stability as determined via laser diffraction analysis (LDA) of agricultural soils, as well as the effect of sustainable agricultural management strategies thereon. Using the static chamber method, all soils were found to be sinks for CH4 and sources for CO2 and N2O. The application of organic amendments did not have a conclusive effect on soil GHG fluxes, but tilled soils emitted more CO2. LDA was a useful and improved method for assessing soil aggregate stability, as it allows for the determination of multiple classes of aggregates and their structural composition, thereby overcoming limitations of traditional wet sieving. Organic matter content was the main steering factor of aggregate stability. The presence of persistent stable aggregates and the disintegration coefficient of stable aggregates were improved in organic-amended and no-tilled soils. Predictive modelling showed that, especially in these soils, aggregate stability was a governing factor of GHG fluxes. Higher soil CH4 uptake rates were associated with higher aggregate stability, while CO2 and N2O emissions increased with higher aggregate stability. Altogether, it was shown that sustainable agricultural management strategies can be used to steer the soil's aggregate stability and, both consequently and outright, the soil GHG fluxes, thereby creating a potential to contribute to the mitigation of agricultural GHG emissions.</p

Effect of pre-treatment processes of organic residues on soil aggregates

Process technologies, such as composting, anaerobic digestion, or lactic acid fermentation, greatly influence the resulting organic amendments (OAs) characteristics even when the same raw material is used. However, it is still unclear how these process technologies indirectly modify the effect of OAs on soil microbial activity and soil aggregation. To determine the effect of OA produced using pre-treatment technologies on the soil microbial activity and soil aggregation, we ran a soil column experiment in which we applied compost, digestate and lactic acid fermentation product made of the same model bio-waste. The results indicated that OAs produced under anaerobic conditions (fermented product and digestate) increased microbial activity, biomass, and soil micro- and macro-aggregation compared to compost and control treatments. Soil microbial activity strongly correlated to C, Ca, Mg, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), fungal biomass, and macroaggregate formation (rs>0.7, p0.7, p<0.05). This study demonstrated that the effect of an organic substrate on soil properties can be modified towards desired effects using different pre-treatment technologies, suggesting the possibility of “engineer” OAs

The use of living labs to advance agro-ecological theory in the transition towards sustainable land use: a tale of two polders

Environmental Biolog

Nitrification and denitrification in the root zone of Glyceria maxima: 'The plant gives ... the plant takes'

Contains fulltext : mmubn000001_251022889.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Promotores : H. Laanbroek en C. Blom159 p

Interactions between nitrogenous fertilizers and methane cycling in wetland and upland soils

Recent dynamics and uncertainties in global methane budgets necessitate research of controls of sources and sinks of atmospheric methane. Production of methane by methanogenic archaea in wetlands is a major source while consumption by methane oxidizing bacteria in upland soils is a major sink. Methane formation as well as consumption is affected by nitrogenous fertilizers as has been studied intensively. This review synthesizes the results of these studies which are contradictory and await mechanistic explanations. These can be found in the community composition and the traits of the microbes involved in methane cycling. Molecular microbial investigations, use of stable isotope labeling techniques, discoveries and isolation of new species and pathways offer new insight into interactions between nitrogen and methane cycling.