K-x-ray-emission From Solid Neon and From Neon Implanted Into Metals

The emission of K x-rays following the irradiation of solid Ne at various pressures is investigated. A cryogenic target of solid Ne at vapor pressure is obtained by the condensation of Ne gas on an aluminum backing maintained at a temperature of 5.5 K. This target is irradiated with 2-MeV H+ and He-4(+), and the evolution of the target is controlled by the detection of backscattered particles. X-ray emission following the ionization of Ne is also detected during irradiation. It is observed that the x-ray spectra do not significantly differ from the atomic spectrum recorded on Ne gas. Samples of metals implanted with Ne ions are irradiated with 4-keV electrons and K x-ray spectra from Ne are recorded. Important broadening effects are observed on the K alpha(1,2) lines; the satellites from double ionization are less seriously affected. It is observed that the total width of the K alpha(1,2) band is directly related to the shear modulus of the metal

From A Study of War to peace research: some criteria and strategies

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67729/2/10.1177_002200277001400416.pd