Business Models for Innovation in a MOSA Environment

Symposium PresentationApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Open for Business: Business Models for Innovation with Modular Open Systems Approaches

Excerpt from the Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Acquisition Research SymposiumModular Open Systems Approaches (MOSA) build on techniques used in the commercial world to attempt to bring innovation, speed, and savings to Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition. However, while competition can be a powerful motivator, MOSA can be disruptive to those traditional defense industrial base business models that rely on the expectation of long-term production and sustainment revenue to make back corporate investments. This project undertook interviews and surveys to better understand how MOSA influences vendor incentives and what business models may best serve DoD needs going forward. MOSA’s promise of enabling faster technology refresh and bringing in new sources of innovation addresses technical and operational challenges associated with 21st century great power competition and longstanding DoD difficulties in accessing commercial technology. This project has identified three overarching challenges regarding MOSA adoption: communicating and demonstrating government commitment; developing a MOSA-enabled IP and data rights strategy; and establishing standards and interfaces. In addressing these three challenges, the government will need to employ its acquisition toolkit to take different approaches with different vendors. To better understand how to make this transition a success, this paper presents a framework for evaluating the DoD’s readiness for MOSA.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Assessment of electrical dyssynchrony in cardiac resynchronization therapy: 12-lead electrocardiogram vs. 96-lead body surface map

Aims The standard deviation of activation time (SDAT) derived from body surface maps (BSMs) has been proposed as an optimal measure of electrical dyssynchrony in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The goal of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare the values of SDAT in individual CRT patients with reconstructed myocardial metrics of depolarization heterogeneity using an inverse solution algorithm and (ii) to compare SDAT calculated from 96-lead BSM with a clinically easily applicable 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods and results Cardiac resynchronization therapy patients with sinus rhythm and left bundle branch block at baseline (n = 19, 58% males, age 60 +/- 11 years, New York Heart Association Classes II and III, QRS 167 +/- 16) were studied using a 96-lead BSM. The activation time (AT) was automatically detected for each ECG lead, and SDAT was calculated using either 96 leads or standard 12 leads. Standard deviation of activation time was assessed in sinus rhythm and during six different pacing modes, including atrial pacing, sequential left or right ventricular, and biventricular pacing. Changes in SDAT calculated both from BSM and from 12-lead ECG corresponded to changes in reconstructed myocardial ATs. A high degree of reliability was found between SDAT values obtained from 12-lead ECG and BSM for different pacing modes, and the intraclass correlation coefficient varied between 0.78 and 0.96 (P < 0.001). Conclusion Standard deviation of activation time measurement from BSM correlated with reconstructed myocardial ATs, supporting its utility in the assessment of electrical dyssynchrony in CRT. Importantly, 12-lead ECG provided similar information as BSM. Further prospective studies are necessary to verify the clinical utility of SDAT from 12-lead ECG in larger patient cohorts, including those with ischaemic cardiomyopathy