Semantic-Aware Automatic Video Editing

One of the challenges of multimedia applications is to provide user-tailored access to information encoded in different media. Particularly, previous research has not yet fully explored how to automatically compose different video segments according to a communicative goal. We propose a rhetoric-based method to support the selection and automatic editing of user-requested content from video footage. The method is applied to the domain of video documentaries to create biased sequences about a user selected subject

Generating Media Stories - Play It Again, Sam

New types of knowledge spaces, such as the Semantic Web, allow for yet uncharted forms of knowledge exploration and social relationships. Such interactive, open and multimodal environments sustain the activation of articulation expressions that form the basis of adaptive discourses. In this paper we are in particular interested what story generation requires, in such a context, from authors and how that reflects on the accessibility of the information to users. The examples are taken form the domain of documentary making

Supporting the generation of argument structure within video sequences

Browsing is a useful way of exploring annotated media repositories. Sets of links can be automatically created from the annotations associated with the media items in the repository. When there are also relationships among the annotations themselves, such as when the annotation terms are part of a thesaurus, these relations can also be used in the link generation process. Using structured annotations and a thesaurus for generating link sets has two advantages. The first is to evaluate the effectiveness of the terms in the thesaurus for classifying the media items in the repository. The second is to be able to control the links being generated by changing relationships within the thesaurus. The work is illustrated using video segments annotated with argument structures, but we show that the method used is independent of the media types and applicable to systems that use similar annotation structures and typed relations among the

Supporting the generation of argument structure within video sequences

Browsing is a useful way of exploring annotated media repositories. Sets of links can be automatically created from the annotations associated with the media items in the repository. When there are also relationships among the annotations themselves, such as when the annotation terms are part of a thesaurus, these relations can also be used in the link generation process. Using structured annotations and a thesaurus for generating link sets has two advantages. The first is to evaluate the effectiveness of the terms in the thesaurus for classifying the media items in the repository. The second is to be able to control the links being generated by changing relationships within the thesaurus. The work is illustrated using video segments annotated with argument structures, but we show that the method used is independent of the media types and applicable to systems that use similar annotation structures and typed relations among the

Towards ontology-driven discourse: from semantic graphs to multimedia presentations

Traditionally, research in applying Semantic Web technology to multimedia information systems has focused on using annotations and ontologies to improve the retrieval process. This paper concentrates on improving the presentation of the retrieval results. First, our approach uses ontological domain knowledge to select and organize the content relevant to the topic the user is interested in. Domain ontologies are valuable in the presentation generation process, because effective presentations are those that succeed in conveying the relevant domain semantics to the user. Explicit discourse and narrative knowledge allows selection of appropriate presentation genres and creation of narrative structures, which are used for conveying these domain relations. In addition, knowledge of graphic design and media characteristics is essential to transform abstract presentation structures in real multimedia presentations. Design knowledge determines how the semantics and presentation structure are expressed in the multimedia presentation. In traditional Web environments, this type of design knowledge remains implicit, hidden in style sheets and other document transformation code. Our second use of Semantic Web technology is to model design knowledge explicitly, and to let it drive the transformations needed to turn annotated media items into structured presentations

Resources and users in the tagging process: approaches and case studies

In this contribution we propose a comparison between two distinct approaches to the annotation of digital resources. The former, top-down, is rooted in the cathedral model and is based on an authoritative, centralized definition of the adopted mark-up language; the latter, bottom-up, refers to the bazaar model and is based on the contributions of a community of users. These two approaches are analyzed taking into account both their descriptive potential and the constraints they impose on the reasoning process of recommender systems, with special reference to user profiling. Three case studies are described, with reference to research projects that apply these approaches in the contexts of e-learning and knowledge management

Successes and failures of angiogenesis blockade in gastric and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma

Gastric and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEA) remains a considerable major public health problem worldwide, being the fifth most common cancer with a fatality-to-case ratio that stands still at 70%. Angiogenesis, which is a well-established cancer hallmark, exerts a fundamental role in cancer initiation and progression and its targeting has been actively pursued as a promising therapeutic strategy in GEA. A wealth of clinical trials has been conducted, investigating anti-angiogenic agents including VEGF-directed monoclonal antibodies, small molecules tyrosine kinase inhibitors and VEGF-Trap agents both in the resectable and advanced setting, reporting controversial results. While phase III randomized trials testing the anti-VEGFR-2 antibody Ramucirumab and the selective VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Apatinib demonstrated a significant survival benefit in later lines, the shift of angiogenesis inhibitors in the perioperative and first-line setting failed to improve patients’ outcome in GEAs. The molecular landscape of disease, together with novel combinatorial strategies and biomarker-selected approaches are under investigation as key elements to the success of angiogenesis blockade in GEA. In this article, we critically review the existing literature on the biological rationale and clinical development of antiangiogenic agents in GEA, discussing major achievements, limitations and future developments, aiming at fully realizing the potential of this therapeutic approach

Endocrine therapy alone versus targeted combination strategy as first line treatment in elderly patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer: Meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized clinical trial

Background Combined endocrine/targeted approaches have been investigated as first-line treatment in hormone receptors positive metastatic breast cancer (BC). Randomized trials showed that the addiction of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) 4/6 inhibitors to endocrine therapy (ET) increase progression free survival (PFS). Elderly patients (aged >65 years) are under represented in most of the trials. Due to the multi-morbidity and the major toxicity associated with the targeted agents, the combination strategy in that subgroup is widely discussed. The present meta-analysis aimed to understand the role of the new endocrine approaches in elderly women. Methods This meta-analysis included first line phase II/III randomized published trials comparing ET to the experimental strategy. Trials with no data about hazard ratios (HR) for PFS in the subgroup of patients aged > 65 years were excluded. The heterogeneity of the data was evaluated by Chi-square Q test and I2 statistic. Prospero registration number: CRD42019120215. Results 8 studies were included: 4 (Paloma1/TRIO-18, Paloma2, Monaleesa2, Monarch3) investigated the role of CDK 4/6 inhibitors, 2 trials (SWOG and FACT) analysed the combination of Fulvestrant plus Aromatase Inhibitors, while other two trials explored the association of ET with Bevacizumab (LEA) and Temsirolimus (HORIZON), respectively. Overall, the meta-analysis showed a PFS advantage for the experimental arms [HR 0.77, p 0.016] with a significant high/moderate heterogeneity [I2 65.46%, p 0.005]. The 4 studies adding CDK4/6 inhibitors to ET showed a significant improvement in PFS compared to ET alone. No significant advantages for the addition of anti-angiogenic agents or Fulvestrant to ET have been found. Conclusions The novel experimental strategies showed an improvement in PFS in elderly patients. Adding CDK4/6 inhibitors to ET significantly prolongs PFS as compared to ET alone, the magnitude of PFS benefit is age-independent. To define the role of novel agents, future trials should be designed taking in account not only the age, but also adequate geriatric assessment and comorbidity status

Predictive Role Of Body Composition Parameters In Operable Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Fat tissue is strongly involved in BC tumorigenesis inducing insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and hormonal changes. Computed tomography (CT) imaging instead of body mass index (BMI) gives a reliable measure of skeletal muscle mass and body fat distribution. The impact of body composition parameters (BCPs) on chemosensitivity is still debated. We examined the associations between BCPs and tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) in patients treated for operable breast cancer (BC). METHODS: A retrospective review of BC patients treated with NC in Modena Cancer Center between 2005 and 2017 was performed. BCPs, such as subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI) and liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio were calculated by Advance workstation (General Electric), software ADW server 3.2 or 4.7. BMI and BCPs were correlated with pathological complete response (pCR) and survival outcomes. RESULTS: 407 patients were included in the study: 55% with BMI < 25 and 45% with BMI 65 25. 137 of them had pre-treatment CT scan imagines. Overweight was significantly associated with postmenopausal status and older age. Hormonal receptor positive BC was more frequent in overweight patients (p<0.05). Postmenopausal women had higher VFA, fatty liver disease and obesity compared to premenopausal patients. No association between BMI classes and tumor response was detected. High VFA and liver steatosis were negative predictive factors for pCR (pCR rate: 36% normal VFA vs 20% high VFA, p= 0.048; no steatosis 32% vs steatosis 13%, p=0.056). Neither BMI classes nor BCPs significantly influenced overall survival and relapse-free survival. CONCLUSION: Visceral adiposity as well as steatosis were closely involved in chemosensitivity in BC patients treated with NC. Their measures from clinically acquired CT scans provide significant predictive information that outperform BMI value. More research is required to evaluate the relationship among adiposity site and survival outcomes