Can You Say How You Feel?: The Impact of Emotion Word Vocabulary On Emotional Intelligence

We comprehend the world through the words we have to describe it, though oftentimes our limited vocabulary fails to provide the depth or breadth of description necessary to encompass our experiences. This same phenomenon occurs with describing our emotions. Past research has shown that individuals who can describe their emotion experiences with more detail have lower levels of aggression and depression as well as a greater ability to regulate their emotions, aspects of high emotional intelligence (Kashdan, Barrett, & Mcknight, 2015; Barrett, Gross, Christensen, & Benvenuto, 2001; Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, & Sitarenios, 2003). This study intends to determine whether increasing an individual’s emotion word vocabulary by introducing new emotion concepts will result in an increase in emotional intelligence. By instructing English-speaking participants to learn and apply non-English emotion words and by tracking their emotional intelligence with the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), this study will empirically show the impact of increasing the ability to convey emotion experience on emotional intelligence. Keywords: emotional intelligence, vocabulary, emotion concept

Experimental analysis of the extension to shear fracture transition in Berea Sandstone

To characterize low-pressure, brittle deformation in porous, granular rock, notchcut cylinders (30 mm neck diameter) of Berea Sandstone were extended in a triaxial apparatus from 10 to 160 MPa confining pressure at strain rates of 10-4 s-1 and 10-5 s-1. Acoustic emission counts were monitored when extending samples at a slow strain rate. Stress at fracture is characterized by the least compressive principal stress, ??3, and maximum compressive principal stress, ??1 (??1 = Pc). A change in strength dependence on pressure at Pc = 50 MPa corresponds to a change from pure macroscopic extension fracture to mixed-mode opening and shear fracture, and likely reflects the increase in mean stress that suppresses the propagation of extension fractures and the interaction between closely-spaced stepped cracks. Within the extension fracture regime (Pc < 50 MPa), ??3 at failure becomes slightly more tensile with an increase in Pc. At Pc > 50 MPa, ??3 at failure becomes more compressive with an increase in Pc and follows Coulomb behavior; however, the angle between the fracture surface and ??1 increases continuously with Pc. Fracture surfaces characteristic of the extension to shear fracture transition appear as linked, stepped extension fractures; the length of extensional segments decreases with increasing pressure. The onset of acoustic emissions and inelastic strain at fracture occurs at earlier points in the strain history with pressure, consistent with the Griffith prediction of the beginning of fracture growth

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHP-THERMAL SCHEMES IN CONTEXTS OF THE CONSOLIDATED ENERGY SYSTEM OF BELARUS

The paper deals with the structural specifics of the Belarus Consolidated Energy System capacities in view of their ongoing transfer to the combined-cycle technology, building the nuclear power plant and necessity for the generating capacity regulation in compliance with the load diagram. With the country’s economic complex energy utilization pattern being preserved, the generating capacities are subject to restructuring and the CHP characteristics undergo enhancement inter alia a well-known increase of the specific electricity production based on the heat consumption. Because of this the steam-turbine condensation units which are the traditional capacity regulators for the energy systems with heat power plants dominance are being pushed out of operation. In consequence of this complex of changes the issue of load diagram provision gains momentum which in evidence is relevant to the Consolidated Energy System of Belarus. One of the ways to alleviate acuteness of the problem could be the specific electric energy production cut on the CHP heat consumption with preserving the heat loads and without their handover to the heat generating capacities of direct combustion i.e. without fuel over-burning. The solution lies in integrating the absorption bromous-lithium heat pump units into the CHP thermal scheme. Through their agency low-temperature heat streams of the generator cooling, the lubrication and condensation heat-extraction of steam minimal passing to the condenser systems are utilized. As a case study the authors choose one of the CHPs in the conditions of which the corresponding employment of the said pumps leads to diminution of the fuel-equivalent specific flow-rate by 20−25 g for 1 kW⋅h production and conjoined electric energy generation capacity lowering. The latter will be handed over to other generating capacities, and the choice of them affects economic expediency of the absorption bromous-lithium heat pump-units installation decision

Comparative Leaf Water Absorption Between Chaparral Island and Mainland Taxa: a Common Garden Experiment

In California and other Mediterranean-type ecosystems, island species are typically exposed to more fog but less rain than mainland species. Because adaptations to absorb water from fog may conflict with those to minimize water loss, we hypothesized that island species should have greater fog absorption than their mainland congeners due to foliar uptake but at the cost of modifying other leaf structural and functional traits. To determine whether foliar water absorption is an adaptation to insularity, we compared seven physiological and anatomical leaf traits between congeneric island and mainland species of two genera, Ceanothus and Arctostaphylos, in a common garden in Claremont, California. We quantified leaf water potentials, maximum leaf water absorption rates, leaf hydrophobicity, leaf mass per area [LMA], succulence, stomatal density, and wax morphology. All taxa exhibited water permeability through their leaf surfaces, but only one of the three island taxa showed greater water absorption than their mainland counterparts. The island and mainland varieties of C. megacarpus were similar in water absorption and hydrophobicity, but the mainland variety had greater LMA, greater succulence, and thicker epicuticular wax. In Arctostaphylos, insularity promoted species-specific responses: A. catalinae had greater foliar absorption compared to the mainland species, whereas A. insularis displayed mesophytic traits such as hypostomatal morphology, horizontally oriented leaves and low LMA. Relative surface hydrophobicity was not linked to absorption rates, but the mainland species A. glauca had the most hydrophobic leaf surfaces in the study, achieved by their ornate epicuticular wax. Overall, island taxa displayed more mesophytic leaf traits than their mainland congeners. The results may have implications for biogeography in Mediterranean-type ecosystems that may be losing seasonal coastal fog with global change

РАЗВИТИЕ ТЕПЛОВЫХ СХЕМ ТЭЦ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБЪЕДИНЕННОЙ ЭНЕРГОСИСТЕМЫ БЕЛАРУСИ

The paper deals with the structural specifics of the Belarus Consolidated Energy System capacities in view of their ongoing transfer to the combined-cycle technology, building the nuclear power plant and necessity for the generating capacity regulation in compliance with the load diagram. With the country’s economic complex energy utilization pattern being preserved, the generating capacities are subject to restructuring and the CHP characteristics undergo enhancement inter alia a well-known increase of the specific electricity production based on the heat consumption. Because of this the steam-turbine condensation units which are the traditional capacity regulators for the energy systems with heat power plants dominance are being pushed out of operation. In consequence of this complex of changes the issue of load diagram provision gains momentum which in evidence is relevant to the Consolidated Energy System of Belarus. One of the ways to alleviate acuteness of the problem could be the specific electric energy production cut on the CHP heat consumption with preserving the heat loads and without their handover to the heat generating capacities of direct combustion i.e. without fuel over-burning. The solution lies in integrating the absorption bromous-lithium heat pump units into the CHP thermal scheme. Through their agency low-temperature heat streams of the generator cooling, the lubrication and condensation heat-extraction of steam minimal passing to the condenser systems are utilized. As a case study the authors choose one of the CHPs in the conditions of which the corresponding employment of the said pumps leads to diminution of the fuel-equivalent specific flow-rate by 20−25 g for 1 kW⋅h production and conjoined electric energy generation capacity lowering. The latter will be handed over to other generating capacities, and the choice of them affects economic expediency of the absorption bromous-lithium heat pump-units installation decision. Рассмотрена специфика структуры мощностей Объединенной энергосистемы Беларуси в связи с происходящим их переводом на парогазовую технологию, строительством атомной электростанции и необходимостью регулировать мощность генерации в соответствии с графиком электропотребления. В результате изменяющейся структуры генерирующих мощностей и улучшений характеристик ТЭЦ, в частности общеизвестного увеличения удельной выработки на тепловом потреблении, при сохраняющейся структуре энергопотребления хозяйственного комплекса страны из работы вытесняются паротурбинные конденсационные блоки – традиционные регуляторы мощности для энергосистем, в которых доминируют тепловые электростанции. При этом обостряется проблема в обеспечении графика нагрузок, что имеет место в отношении Объединенной энергосистемы Беларуси. Одним из путей снижения остроты проблемы может быть уменьшение удельной выработки электроэнергии на тепловом потреблении ТЭЦ при сохранении тепловых нагрузок и без передачи их на теплогенерирующие мощности прямого сжигания, т. е. без пережога топлива. Таким решением является интеграция в тепловую схему ТЭЦ абсорбционных бромисто-литиевых тепловых насосов. С их помощью утилизируются низкотемпературные потоки теплоты охлаждения генератора, систем смазки и отвода теплоты конденсации минимального пропуска пара в конденсатор. В качестве конкретного примера выбрана одна из ТЭЦ, в условиях которой подобное использование указанных насосов приводит к уменьшению удельного расхода условного топлива на выработку киловатт-часа на 20−25 г и одновременному снижению мощностей генерации электроэнергии. Последние будут передаваться на другие генерирующие мощности, и от их выбора зависит экономическая целесообразность решения по установке абсорбционных бромисто-литиевых тепловых насосов.

ЧИСЛЕННОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОВЫХ СХЕМ ТЭЦ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИХ ТОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ

Further improvement of natural gas usage in power industry is associated with transition to the combined-cycle gas technology, primarily at combined heat and power plants (CHP). Renovation of technology of conversion of fuel energy into heat and electricity flows is effective while it is performed simultaneously with the elaboration of thermal circuits of CHP by insertion heat accumulators and absorption lithium bromide heat pumps (ALBHP) in the structure of CHP; the mentioned insertion amends thermodynamic as well as economic and environmental indicators of CHP renovation and also develops CHP maneuverability. The ability of CHP to provide heat in required quantity, their capacity to change electricity generation output without excessive fuel consumption is extremely relevant for the energy system that incorporates thermal power plants as dominating component. At the same time the displacement of traditional electrical power regulators take place. Implementation of projects of this kind requires the elaboration of CHP flow diagram calculation methods and determining relevant indicators. The results of the numerical study of the energy characteristics of CHP with the aid of the topological models of the existing heat flow diagrams of CHP that incorporate ALBHP for recovery of low-temperature waste of heat flows of systems of cooling water circulating are presented in the article. An example of calculation, the results of the CHP thermodynamic efficiency evaluation, the change of the energy characteristics for different modes of operation of CHP caused by implementation of ALBHP are shown. The conditions for the effective application of lithium bromide absorption heat pumps are specified, as well as the rate of increase of thermodynamic efficiency; the changes of maneuverability of CHP with high initial parameters are identified, the natural gas savings in The Republic of Belarus are determined.Дальнейшее совершенствование использования природного газа в энергетике связано с переходом к парогазовой технологии, прежде всего на теплоэлектроцентралях. Модернизацию технологии преобразования энергии топлива во вторичные энергопотоки эффективнее производить совместно с развитием тепловых схем ТЭЦ путем введения в их структуру тепловых аккумуляторов, абсорбционных бромисто-литиевых тепловых насосов, что обеспечивает не только улучшение энергетических, экономических и экологических показателей модернизации, но и развивает ТЭЦ в плане маневренности. Способность ТЭЦ обеспечивать тепловую нагрузку в полном объеме и без перерасхода топлива изменять мощность потока генерации электроэнергии чрезвычайно актуальна для энергосистемы, в которой доминируют тепловые электростанции и при этом происходит вытеснение из генерации традиционных регуляторов ее мощности. Выполнение подобных проектов требует развития методов расчета тепловых схем ТЭЦ и определения соответствующих показателей. Приведены результаты численного исследования энергетических характеристик ТЭЦ с помощью топологических моделей существующих тепловых схем ТЭЦ, в которые интегрированы абсорбционные бромисто-литиевые тепловые насосы для утилизации вторичных низкотемпературных тепловых потоков систем циркуляционного охлаждения. Приведены пример расчета, результаты оценки термодинамической эффективности ТЭЦ и изменение их энергетических характеристик для различных режимов работы в результате внедрения абсорбционных бромисто-литиевых тепловых насосов в состав ТЭЦ. Определены условия эффективного применения таких насосов, степень повышения термодинамической эффективности, изменения маневренности ТЭЦ повышенных начальных параметров и системная экономия природного газа в условиях Беларуси

Потенциал комбинированной выработки энергопотоков на базе промышленных теплотехнологий Беларуси

The paper considers potential of power saving by the Belarusian industrial enterprises at transition to cogeneration power supply of heat technological processes.Рассматривается потенциал энергосбережения промышленных предприятий Республики Беларусь при переходе к когенерационному энергообеспечению теплотехнологических процессов

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

The paper considers a decrease in consumption of natural gas by means of  stabilization of the GTU power characteristics in summer when their degradation is observed due to higher ambient temperature and also the possibility to use an excess of thermal energy which occurs in a non-heating period for preservation of the GTU power and efficiency that provides sufficient economy of the initial fuel.Рассматривается снижение потребления природного газа путем стабилизации энергетических характеристик ГТУ в летнее время, когда отмечается их ухудшение из-за повышения температуры окружающей среды, а также возможность использования избытка тепловой энергии, имеющего место в неотопительный период, для сохранения мощности и КПД ГТУ, что дает достаточную экономию первичного топлива.