Mapping spatial variation of population aging in China's mega cities

<p>Based on the statistics of the fifth and sixth censuses in China, this paper, which focuses on the spatial distribution characteristics of aging population in China's mega cities, examines the distribution of aging in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wuhan. In this paper, an Aging Degree Index and an Aging Population Mean Center have been used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial variation trends of aging population in mega cities. According to the research, the spatial distribution of aging population shows a faster development tendency of suburbanization from two different perspectives: one tendency is centrifugal spread associated with seniors who are moving from the city center to outer suburb areas, and the other is center concentration where the seniors who lived in the outer suburb areas are moving towards the city center.</p

Mechanotunable Microstructures of Carbon Nanotube Networks

Cohesive but noncovalent interfaces between carbon nanotubes lead to remarkably microstructural evolution of networked materials under mechanical loads. We explore self-organization of these nanofibers, their mechanical properties, and also energy dissipation capacity in response to cycling strain loading. By performing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, the underlying mechanisms are discussed. Their dependence on the strain amplitude and properties of carbon nanotubes are revealed, which opens new possibilities in mechanical tuning of microstructures in carbon nanotubes networks for mechanical, electrochemical, and filtration applications, where the performance is critically defined by microstructures

DataSheet_1_Efficacy and safety of different JAK inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata: a network meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an immune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss. With the widespread application of JAK inhibitors in immune-related diseases, attention is being given to their role in the treatment of AA. However, it is unclear which JAK inhibitors have a satisfactory or positive effect on AA. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different JAK inhibitors in the treatment of AA.MethodsThe network meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials as well as a small number of cohort studies. The differences in efficacy and safety between the treatment and control groups were compared.ResultsFive randomized controlled trials, two retrospective studies, and two prospective studies involving 1689 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. In terms of efficacy, oral baricitinib and ruxolitinib significantly improved the response rate of patients compared to placebo [MD = 8.44, 95% CI (3.63, 19.63)] and [MD = 6.94, 95% CI, (1.72, 28.05)],respectively. Oral baricitinib treatment significantly improved the response rate compared to non-oral JAK inhibitor treatment [MD=7.56, 95% CI (1.32,43.36)]. Oral baricitinib, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib treatments significantly improved the complete response rate compared to placebo [MD = 12.21, 95% CI (3.41, 43.79)], [MD = 10.16, 95% CI (1.02, 101.54)], and [MD = 9.79, 95% CI, (1.29, 74.27)], respectively. In terms of safety, oral baricitinib, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib treatments significantly reduced treatment-emergent adverse event rates compared with conventional steroid treatment [MD = 0.08, 95% CI (0.02, 0.42)], [MD = 0.14, 95% CI (0.04, 0.55)], and [MD = 0.35, 95% CI, (0.14, 0.88)], respectively.ConclusionOral baricitinib and ruxolitinib are excellent options for the treatment of AA owing to their good efficacy and safety profiles. In contrast, non-oral JAK inhibitors do not appear to have satisfactory efficacy in treating AA. However, further studies are required to verify the optimal dose of JAK inhibitors for AA therapy.</p

Additional file 1: of Arabidopsis NUCLEOSTEMIN-LIKE 1 (NSN1) regulates cell cycling potentially by cooperating with nucleosome assembly protein AtNAP1;1

Figure S1. Sequence analysis and expression profiles of NAP1 family members. a. Homology analysis of AtNAP1 and AtNRP proteins using DNAMAN version 7. Sequence accession number: AtNAP1;1 (AT4G26110.2); AtNAP1;2 (AT2G19480); AtNAP1;3 (AT5G56950); AtNAP1;4 (AT3G13782); AtNRP1 (AT1G74560) and AtNRP2 (AT1G18800). b. Sequence alignment of AtNAP1s and AtNRPs. Black represents conserved amino acids (consensus), pink for 75% identity, blue for 50% and yellow for 33% identity. c. Comparison of the transcriptional expression pattern of AtNAP1 paralog genes in flower from Arabidopsis eFP Browser ( http://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_arabidopsis ). (JPG 3822 kb

Chiral Decomposition of Twisted Graphene Multilayers with Arbitrary Stacking

We formulate the chiral decomposition rules that govern the electronic structure of a broad family of twisted N + M multilayer graphene configurations that combine arbitrary stacking order and a mutual twist. We show that at the magic angle in the chiral limit the low-energy bands of such systems are composed of chiral pseudospin doublets that are energetically entangled with two flat bands per valley induced by the moiré superlattice potential. The analytic construction is supported by explicit numerical calculations based on realistic parametrization. We further show that vertical displacement fields can open energy gaps between the pseudospin doublets and the two flat bands, such that the flat bands may carry nonzero valley Chern numbers. These results provide guidelines for the rational design of topological and correlated states in generic twisted graphene multilayers

Additional file 2: of Arabidopsis NUCLEOSTEMIN-LIKE 1 (NSN1) regulates cell cycling potentially by cooperating with nucleosome assembly protein AtNAP1;1

Table S1. Analysis of protein identity among AtNRP1s and AtNRPs. (PDF 98 kb

Effects of different exposure schedules of gefitinib and docetaxel on cell proliferation.

<p>Cells were treated with three different sequences of gefitinib and docetaxel (D→G; G→D; D+G). The drug doses were combined using constant ratios of IC50 values (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 times of IC50). (<b>A, B</b>) The inhibition rate was determined by MTT assay. *<i>P</i><0.05, D→G versus G→D; #<i>P</i><0.05 D→G versus D+G. The D→G sequence produced the most potent inhibitory effect. (<b>C, D</b>) The combination index (CI) was calculated using CompuSyn software. Only the D→G sequence showed synergistic effect. (D–G) docetaxel followed by gefitinib; (G–D) gefitinib followed by docetaxel; (D+G) docetaxel and gefitinib administered concurrently. <i>Bars</i>: ± SD, n = 3.</p

DataSheet1_A potential role of p75NTR in the regulation of circadian rhythm and incremental growth lines during tooth development.ZIP

Objective: Tooth morphogenesis and the formation of hard tissues have been reported to be closely related to circadian rhythms. This study investigates the spatiotemporal expression and relationship of p75NTR with core clock genes, mineralization-related or odontogenesis-related genes, and aims to derive the potential role of p75NTR in regulating circadian rhythm and incrementality growth line formation during tooth development.Materials and methods: The dynamic morphology of the rat dental germ was observed at seven stages (E14.5 d, E16.5 d, E18.5 d, P.N. 4 d, P.N. 7 d, P.N. 10 d, and P.N. 15 d). Next, the expressions of p75NTR and other target factors were traced. The ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were isolated from the E18.5d rat dental germs and synchronized using 50% of fetal bovine serum. Then, they were cultured in light/light (L.L.), dark/dark (D.D.), and light/dark (L.D.) conditions for 48 h. The total RNA was collected every 4 h, and the circadian rhythm dynamics of target factors were observed. To reveal the mechanism further, p75NTR was down-regulated in p75NTRExIII−/− mice and up-regulated in immortalized mouse dental apical papilla progenitor cells. The change tendencies of other target factors were also detected.Results: The clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Per1, and Per2 were all expressed in tooth germs before the formation of dental hard tissues and demonstrated a regular oscillating expression pattern in EMSCs from dental germs. Their expression was affected by the L.D. stimulus, and most of them were promoted by D.D. conditions. p75NTR presented a similar expression pattern and a positive or negative relationship with most clock genes, mineralization-related and odontogenesis-related factors, such as brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (Bmal1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), MSH-like 1 (MSX1), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp). Moreover, the arrangement, morphology, and even boundary in pre-odontoblast/pre-ameloblast layers were disordered in the p75NTRExIII−/− mice.Conclusion: Circadian rhythm was found to affect tooth development. p75NTR might play a crucial role in regulating clock genes in the mineralization and formation of the dental hard tissues. p75NTR is actively involved in the odontoblast-ameloblast junction and cell polarity establishment during tooth morphogenesis.</p

High-Performance Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on MoO_<i>x</i> Nanoparticle Films for Monitoring Human Respiration and Non-Contact Sensing

Flexible humidity sensors with high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding reliability have the potential to revolutionize electronic skin, healthcare, and non-contact sensing. In this study, we employed a straightforward nanocluster deposition technique to fabricate a resistive humidity sensor on a flexible substrate, using molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (MoOx NPs). We systematically evaluated the humidity-sensing behaviors of the MoOx NP film-based sensor and found that it exhibited exceptional sensing capabilities. Specifically, the sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (18.2 near zero humidity), a fast response/recovery time (1.7/2.2 s), and a wide relative humidity (RH) detection range (0–95%). The MoOx NP film, with its closely spaced granular nanostructure and high NP packing density, exhibited insensitivity to mechanical deformation, small hysteresis, good repeatability, and excellent stability. We also observed that the device exhibited distinct sensing kinetics in the range of high and low RH. Specifically, for RH > 43%, the response time showed a linear prolongation with increased RH. This behavior was attributed to two factors: the higher physical adsorption energy of H2O molecules and a multilayer physical adsorption process. In terms of applications, our sensor can be easily attached to a mask and has the potential to monitor human respiration owing to its high sensing performance. Additionally, the sensor was capable of dynamically tracking RH changes surrounding human skin, enabling a non-contact sensing capability. More significantly, we tested an integrated sensor array for its ability to detect moisture distribution in the external environment, demonstrating the potential of our sensor for contactless human–machine interaction. We believe that this innovation is particularly valuable during the COVID-19 epidemic, where cross-infection may be averted by the extensive use of contactless sensing. Overall, our findings demonstrate the tremendous potential of MoOx NP-based humidity sensors for a variety of applications, including healthcare, electronic skin, and non-contact sensing

High-Performance Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on MoO_<i>x</i> Nanoparticle Films for Monitoring Human Respiration and Non-Contact Sensing

Flexible humidity sensors with high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding reliability have the potential to revolutionize electronic skin, healthcare, and non-contact sensing. In this study, we employed a straightforward nanocluster deposition technique to fabricate a resistive humidity sensor on a flexible substrate, using molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (MoOx NPs). We systematically evaluated the humidity-sensing behaviors of the MoOx NP film-based sensor and found that it exhibited exceptional sensing capabilities. Specifically, the sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (18.2 near zero humidity), a fast response/recovery time (1.7/2.2 s), and a wide relative humidity (RH) detection range (0–95%). The MoOx NP film, with its closely spaced granular nanostructure and high NP packing density, exhibited insensitivity to mechanical deformation, small hysteresis, good repeatability, and excellent stability. We also observed that the device exhibited distinct sensing kinetics in the range of high and low RH. Specifically, for RH > 43%, the response time showed a linear prolongation with increased RH. This behavior was attributed to two factors: the higher physical adsorption energy of H2O molecules and a multilayer physical adsorption process. In terms of applications, our sensor can be easily attached to a mask and has the potential to monitor human respiration owing to its high sensing performance. Additionally, the sensor was capable of dynamically tracking RH changes surrounding human skin, enabling a non-contact sensing capability. More significantly, we tested an integrated sensor array for its ability to detect moisture distribution in the external environment, demonstrating the potential of our sensor for contactless human–machine interaction. We believe that this innovation is particularly valuable during the COVID-19 epidemic, where cross-infection may be averted by the extensive use of contactless sensing. Overall, our findings demonstrate the tremendous potential of MoOx NP-based humidity sensors for a variety of applications, including healthcare, electronic skin, and non-contact sensing