Imunohistokemijska izraženost pd-l1 u solidnim tumorima

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that it is possible to induce durable remission in several tumors (non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, squamous cancer of head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer) by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1) axis with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies and that an objective clinical response was closely associated with immunohistochemical PD-L1expression in tumor cells. Because immunohistochemistry is widely accepted and used method for PD-L1 assessment it is important to defi ne criteria for selecting patients who are candidates for immunotherapy and can benefi t from it.Posljednjih godina klinička istraživanja su pokazala da je moguće postići trajniju remisiju kod nekoliko vrsta solidnih tumora (karcinom pluća ne-malih stanica (NSCLC), melanom, pločasti karcinom glave i vrata, renalni karcinom, urotelni karcinom, Hodgkin limfom, kolorektalni karcinom) blokirajući aktivaciju PD-1/PD-L1 (engl. programmed death- 1/programmed death-ligand 1) signalnog puta primjenjujući anti-PD-1 i anti-PD-L1 protutijela. Učinak terapije usko je povezan s izraženošću PD-L1 u tumorskim stanicama. Iako su mehanizmi kojima tumorske stanice izražavaju PD-L1 dobro poznati, studije su do sada pokazale da samo manji broj pacijenata može imati koristi od PD-1/PD-L1 imunoterapije, vezano uz izraženost PD-L1 na tumorskim stanicama. Stoga je važno odrediti kriterije za odabir pacijenata koji mogu imati koristi od imunoterapije

Imunohistokemijska izraženost pd-l1 u solidnim tumorima

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that it is possible to induce durable remission in several tumors (non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, squamous cancer of head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer) by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1) axis with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies and that an objective clinical response was closely associated with immunohistochemical PD-L1expression in tumor cells. Because immunohistochemistry is widely accepted and used method for PD-L1 assessment it is important to defi ne criteria for selecting patients who are candidates for immunotherapy and can benefi t from it.Posljednjih godina klinička istraživanja su pokazala da je moguće postići trajniju remisiju kod nekoliko vrsta solidnih tumora (karcinom pluća ne-malih stanica (NSCLC), melanom, pločasti karcinom glave i vrata, renalni karcinom, urotelni karcinom, Hodgkin limfom, kolorektalni karcinom) blokirajući aktivaciju PD-1/PD-L1 (engl. programmed death- 1/programmed death-ligand 1) signalnog puta primjenjujući anti-PD-1 i anti-PD-L1 protutijela. Učinak terapije usko je povezan s izraženošću PD-L1 u tumorskim stanicama. Iako su mehanizmi kojima tumorske stanice izražavaju PD-L1 dobro poznati, studije su do sada pokazale da samo manji broj pacijenata može imati koristi od PD-1/PD-L1 imunoterapije, vezano uz izraženost PD-L1 na tumorskim stanicama. Stoga je važno odrediti kriterije za odabir pacijenata koji mogu imati koristi od imunoterapije

Prostate cancer stroma: an important factor in cancer growth and progression

Reactive stromal changes that occur in different human cancers might play a role in local tumor spreading and progression. Studies done on various human cancers have shown activated stromal cell phenotypes, modified extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and increased microvessel density. Furthermore, they exhibit biological markers consistent with stroma at the site of wound repair. In prostate cancer, stroma is composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells. Predominant cells in the tumorous stroma are, however, fibroblasts/ myofibroblasts. They are responsible for the synthesis, deposition and remodeling of the ECM. Epithelial tumorous cells, in interaction with stromal cells and with the help of various molecules of ECM, create a microenvironment suitable for cancer cell proliferation, movement, and differentiation. In this review, we discussed the role of different stromal components in prostate cancer as well as their potential prognostic and therapeutic significance

Vrijednosti prostata specifičnog antigena (PSA) u bolesnika s adenokarcinomom prostate niskog i visokog rizika

Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC) comprises around 19% of malignancies in Croatian male population. On the basis of PSA value, Gleason score, grading group and clinical stage, PC can be classified into low- and high-risk groups which is significant for different therapeutic regimens and prognostic outcomes. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the difference in preoperative PSA value in a group of 272 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and were diagnosed with PC adenocarcinoma in our institution in a period from January 1st, 2018 untill December 31st, 2018. Subsequently, they were divided into low- and high-risk prostatic adenocarcinoma groups. Our results demonstrated positive correlation in preoperative PSA values between the groups and therefore support the use of PSA as one of the parameters in defining low- and high-risk prostatic adenocarcinoma categories.Adenokarcinom prostate čini oko 19% maligniteta u muškoj populaciji Hrvata. Svi dijagnosticirani adenokarcinomi prostate se s obzirom na vrijednost PSA, Gleason zbroj i klinički stadij mogu svrstati u skupine niskog i visokog rizika. U ovoj retrospektivnoj studiji analizirali smo razliku u vrijednostima preoperativnog PSA u skupini od 272 pacijenta kojima je dijagnosticiran adenokarcinom prostate nakon radikalne prostatektomije učinjene u našoj ustanovi u razdoblju od jedne godine (01. siječnja do 31. prosinca 2018.), a koji su podijeljeni u skupine adenokarcinoma prostate niskog i visokog rizika. Rezultati naše studije pokazuju pozitivnu korelaciju u vrijednostima preoperativnog PSA između grupa. Nadalje, rezultati naše analize podupiru upotrebu PSA kao jednog od parametara u definiranju kategorija niskog i visokog rizika karcinoma prostate