Screening of sour passion fruit for reaction to bacterial spot and passion fruit woodiness disease

The development of resistant varieties is a promising strategy for bacterial spot disease (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae-Xap) and passion fruit woodiness disease (PWD; Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus-CABMV) control in sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). This study aimed at evaluating the reaction of 12 sour passion fruit half-sib progenies to both mechanically inoculated Xap and CABMV, under protected cultivation. The bacterial spot and PWD severity degrees observed reveal the existence of variability within progenies. MAR20#2005 and BRS GA1 revealed the lowest bacterial disease severity scores while MAR20#41, MAR20#2005, and Rosa Intenso 1 showed the lowest PWD severity scores. MAR20#41 presented the lowest disease incidence in all evaluations, demonstrating a slow increase in the number of plants with symptoms over time. Also, MAR20#41 stood out as the progeny with the greatest number of plants presenting resistance to PWD at the end of the study. Among the progenies selected, MAR20#2005 was the most promising for presenting the lowest severity scores for both bacterial spot and PWD

The Extent of Engagement With Telehealth Approaches by Patients With Advanced Cancer: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND Telehealth approaches are increasingly being used to support patients with advanced diseases, including cancer. Evidence suggests that telehealth is acceptable to most patients; however, the extent of and factors influencing patient engagement remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to characterize the extent of engagement with telehealth interventions in patients with advanced, incurable cancer reported in the international literature. METHODS This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) and is reported in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of databases was undertaken for telehealth interventions (communication between a patient with advanced cancer and their health professional via telehealth technologies), including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science, from the inception of each electronic database up until December 31, 2020. A narrative synthesis was conducted to outline the design, population, and context of the studies. A conceptual framework of digital engagement comprising quantitative behavioral measures (frequency, amount, duration, and depth of use) framed the analysis of engagement with telehealth approaches. Frequency data were transformed to a percentage (actual patient engagement as a proportion of intended engagement), and the interventions were characterized by intensity (high, medium, and low intended engagement) and mode of delivery for standardized comparisons across studies. RESULTS Of the 19,676 identified papers, 40 (0.2%) papers covering 39 different studies were eligible for inclusion, dominated by US studies (22/39, 56%), with most being research studies (26/39, 67%). The most commonly reported measure of engagement was frequency (36/39, 92%), with substantial heterogeneity in the way in which it was measured. A standardized percentage of actual patient engagement was derived from 17 studies (17/39, 44%; n=1255), ranging from 51% to 100% with a weighted average of 75.4% (SD 15.8%). A directly proportional relationship was found between intervention intensity and actual patient engagement. Higher engagement occurred when a tablet, computer, or smartphone app was the mode of delivery. CONCLUSIONS Understanding engagement for people with advanced cancer can guide the development of telehealth approaches from their design to monitoring as part of routine care. With increasing telehealth use, the development of meaningful and context- and condition-appropriate measures of telehealth engagement is needed to address the current heterogeneity in reporting while improving the understanding of optimal implementation of telehealth for oncology and palliative care. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42018117232; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018117232

Type III secretion proteins PcrV and PcrG from Pseudomonas aeruginosa form a 1:1 complex through high affinity interactions

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an increasingly prevalent opportunistic pathogen, utilizes a type III secretion system for injection of toxins into host cells in order to initiate infection. A crucial component of this system is PcrV, which is essential for cytotoxicity and is found both within the bacterial cytoplasm and localized extracellularly, suggesting that it may play more than one role in Pseudomonas infectivity. LcrV, the homolog of PcrV in Yersinia, has been proposed to participate in effector secretion regulation by interacting with LcrG, which may act as a secretion blocker. Although PcrV also recognizes PcrG within the bacterial cytoplasm, the roles played by the two proteins in type III secretion in Pseudomonas may be different from the ones suggested for their Yersinia counterparts. RESULTS: In this work, we demonstrate by native mass spectrometry that PcrV and PcrG expressed and purified from E. coli form a 1:1 complex in vitro. Circular dichroism results indicate that PcrG is highly unstable in the absence of PcrV; in contrast, both PcrV alone and the PcrV:PcrG complex have high structural integrity. Surface plasmon resonance measurements show that PcrV interacts with PcrG with nanomolar affinity (15.6 nM) and rapid kinetics, an observation which is valid both for the full-length form of PcrG (residues 1–98) as well as a form which lacks the C-terminal 24 residues, which are predicted to have low secondary structure content. CONCLUSIONS: PcrV is a crucial component of the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas, but the way in which it participates in toxin secretion is not understood. Here we have characterized the interaction between PcrV and PcrG in vitro, and shown that PcrG is highly unstable. However, it associates readily with PcrV through a region located within its first 74 amino acids to form a high affinity complex. The fact that PcrV associates and dissociates quickly from an unstable molecule points to the transient nature of a PcrV:PcrG complex. These results are in agreement with analyses from pcrV deletion mutants which suggest that PcrV:PcrG may play a different role in effector secretion than the one described for the LcrV:LcrG complex in Yersinia

Initial management of potential occult scaphoid fracture in Australasia

AIM: To characterise current management of adult patients with possible occult scaphoid fracture in Australasian emergency departments. METHODS: Internet-based survey of Directors of Emergency Medicine Training throughout Australasia. Data collected included the most common management used in ED for patients with possible occult scaphoid fracture and whether there was a guideline regarding management of such cases. Data are reported as descriptive statistics. RESULTS: 61 responses were received (response rate 73%). The most common management reported was immobilisation in a backslab (23, 38%) or full cast (19, 32%) with clinical assessment and re-X-ray in 7-10 days. CT scan within 7 days was used by 9 (15%), bone scan within 7 days by 6 (10%) and MRI within 7 days by 3 (5%). Very few sites were using same day/next day CT or MRI. Eighty-three percent of sites reported not having a guideline/protocol for this condition. CONCLUSION: The traditional approach to management of possible occult scaphoid fracture of immobilisation with re-X-ray at 7-10 days remains the most commonly used in Australasia, despite evidence that this is probably over-treatment with significant consequences for patients. The place of advanced imaging for investigation of potential scaphoid fractures requires further research

Sociétés, État, populations en Russie et en URSS

Alain Blum, directeur d’études Formation et action de l’État, société et population en Russie et en URSS (XIXe-XXe siècles) Nous avons poursuivi cette année la réflexion engagée l’année précédente portant sur les pratiques administratives d’un État autoritaire, l’URSS, en travaillant essentiellement sur la genèse de ces pratiques, entre 1917 et 1939. Mettre l’accent sur cet aspect, et cette période, nous a en effet permis de fonder notre démarche sur une analyse précise des interactions entre..

Sociétés, État, populations en Russie et en URSS

Alain Blum, directeur d’études Formation de l’État et société en Russie et en URSS, XIXe-XXe siècles Ce séminaire visait tant à étudier, en partant de l’administration statistique soviétique, la formation de l’État soviétique et des formes de gouvernement, qu’à approfondir la question de l’usage des sources d’archives soviétiques. La formation de l’État a été étudiée en suivant une démarche prosopographique, qui permettait de recouper des sources diverses, que ce soit témoignages, biographies..

Sociétés, État, populations en Russie et en URSS

Alain Blum, directeur d’études Formation et action de l’État, société et population en Russie et en URSS (XIXe-XXe siècles) Nous avons poursuivi cette année la réflexion engagée l’année précédente portant sur les pratiques administratives d’un État autoritaire, l’URSS, en travaillant essentiellement sur la genèse de ces pratiques, entre 1917 et 1939. Mettre l’accent sur cet aspect, et cette période, nous a en effet permis de fonder notre démarche sur une analyse précise des interactions entre..

Sociétés, État, populations en Russie et en URSS

Alain Blum, directeur d’études Sociétés, vie quotidienne et action administrative en Russie et en URSS (XIXe-XXe siècles) L’enseignement a été essentiellement consacré, cette année, à une première approche d’une histoire du quotidien en URSS, construite autour d’une analyse des divers espaces qui se superposent dans l’Union soviétique, professionnel, privé, communautaire, autour des formes de relation qui s’établissent entre les personnes. La réflexion engagée a porté tant sur les approches t..