Rapports de sexe et genre au travail

Se fondant sur des missions de coaching réalisées auprès de cadres dirigeantes, il s’agit de montrer que l’accès aux plus hautes responsabilités managériales ne va pas sans un questionnement des femmes sur leur genre. Il opère en effet, malgré les intentions louables affichées, comme une réduction identitaire au masculin, qui agit comme une injonction surmoïque. Le coaching, inspiré par quelques propositions de J. Lacan, peut alors servir à desserrer l’étau des préjugés et des contraintes, afin que chacune puisse occuper cette place de management avec plus de légèreté...Based on the experience of coaching executive women, this article shows that access to the highest managerial responsibilities does not occur without a questioning of women about their gender. Despite the laudable intentions displayed, this operates effectively as a reduction to a masculine identity, which acts as a superegoic command. Inspired by some propositions from J. Lacan, coaching can serve to loosen the hold of prejudices and constraints, so that each woman is more able to occupy this managerial position with a certain kind of lightness

Rapports de sexe et genre au travail

Se fondant sur des missions de coaching réalisées auprès de cadres dirigeantes, il s’agit de montrer que l’accès aux plus hautes responsabilités managériales ne va pas sans un questionnement des femmes sur leur genre. Il opère en effet, malgré les intentions louables affichées, comme une réduction identitaire au masculin, qui agit comme une injonction surmoïque. Le coaching, inspiré par quelques propositions de J. Lacan, peut alors servir à desserrer l’étau des préjugés et des contraintes, afin que chacune puisse occuper cette place de management avec plus de légèreté...Based on the experience of coaching executive women, this article shows that access to the highest managerial responsibilities does not occur without a questioning of women about their gender. Despite the laudable intentions displayed, this operates effectively as a reduction to a masculine identity, which acts as a superegoic command. Inspired by some propositions from J. Lacan, coaching can serve to loosen the hold of prejudices and constraints, so that each woman is more able to occupy this managerial position with a certain kind of lightness

Household Exposure to Pesticides and Risk of Childhood Hematopoietic Malignancies: The ESCALE Study (SFCE)

International audienceOBJECTIVES: We investigated the role of household exposure to pesticides in the etiology of childhood hematopoietic malignancies. METHODS: The national registry-based case-control study ESCALE (Etude sur les cancers de l'enfant) was carried out in France over the period 2003-2004. Population controls were frequency matched with the cases on age and sex. Maternal household use of pesticides during pregnancy and paternal use during pregnancy or childhood were reported by the mothers in a structured telephone questionnaire. Insecticides (used at home, on pets, or for garden crops), herbicides, and fungicides were distinguished. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using unconditional regression models closely adjusting for age, sex, degree of urbanization, and type of housing (flat or house). RESULTS: We included a total of 764 cases of acute leukemia (AL), 130 of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 166 of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 1,681 controls. Insecticide use during pregnancy was significantly associated with childhood AL [OR = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-2.5], both lymphoblastic and myeloblastic, NHL (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6), mainly for Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6-4.5), and mixed-cell HL (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 1.4-11.8), but not nodular sclerosis HL (OR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6-1.9). Paternal household use of pesticides was also related to AL (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8) and NHL (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6); but for AL the relationships did not remain after adjustment for maternal pesticide use during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The study findings strengthen the hypothesis that domestic use of pesticides may play a role in the etiology of childhood hematopoietic malignancies. The consistency of the findings with those of previous studies on AL raises the question of the advisability of preventing pesticide use by pregnant women

Combination of 'machine learning' methodologies and imaging- in-flow system to detect Harmful Algae semi-automatically

In recent years, improvements in data acquisition techniques have been carried out to sample, characterize and quantify phytoplankton communities at high temporal and geographical resolution, with a special focus on potential harmful algae, during oceanographic campaigns or in the frame of monitoring networks (to support knowledge but also for EU Directives and Regional Sea Convention needs). These acquisition and digitization techniques, including 'imaging-in-flow' systems, allow to process a high number of samples and, consequently, generate an important quantity of data in which the presence of target events might not be detected. Indeed, as for traditional samples analysis with inverted microscope, a full manual quantification of the particles based on a simple visual inspection can be time-consuming, tedious and consequently lead to erroneous or wrong identifications. For this purpose, the ZooImage R-package was and is still being developed to allow greater automation in data classification and analysis while also permitting some user-interaction during the process. The proposed methodology consists in combining few expert knowledge and machine learning algorithms at different levels: (i) to classify particles into different groups based on the definition and the adaptation of a specific training set through the use of 'contextual data'; (ii) to detect and partially validate the 'most suspect' predictions, based on a probability of misclassification; (iii) to estimate the number of cells for each colonial form thanks to the building of specific predictive models. These different semi-automated tools were applied to the in vivo image dataset acquired with the FlowCam instrument during the September-October CAMANOC 2014 (Ifremer) cruise in the English Channel, in order to evaluate their operational ability to monitor the diversity of samples for the microphytoplankton, and especially to detect, track and count the most frequent potentially harmful algae found in this area at that period, like species belonging to Pseudo-nitzschia, Dinophysis, Prorocentrum and Phaeocystis genera. A distribution of these target groups was computed which highlights different sub-regions in the English Channel during the late summer-fall transition

How did episiotomy rates change from 2007 to 2014? Population-based study in France

International audienceBACKGROUND: Since the 2000s, selective episiotomy has been systematically recommended worldwide. In France, the recommended episiotomy rate in vaginal deliveries is less than 30%. The aims of this study were to describe the evolution of episiotomy rates between 2007 and 2014, especially for vaginal deliveries without instrumental assistance and to assess individual characteristics and birth environment factors associated with episiotomy.METHODS: This population-based study included all hospital discharge abstracts for all deliveries in France from 2007 to 2014. The use of episiotomy in vaginal deliveries was identified by one code in the French Common Classification of Medical Procedures. The episiotomy rate per department and its evolution is described from 2007 to 2014. A mixed model was used to assess associations with episiotomy for non-operative vaginal deliveries and the risk factors related to the women's characteristics and the birth environment.RESULTS: There were approximately 540,000 non-operative vaginal deliveries per year, in the study period. The national episiotomy rate for vaginal deliveries overall significantly decreased from 26.7% in 2007 to 19.9% in 2014. For non-operative deliveries, this rate fell from 21.1% to 14.1%. For the latter, the use of episiotomy was significantly associated with breech vaginal delivery (aOR = 1.27 [1.23-1.30]), epidural analgesia (aOR = 1.45 [1.43-1.47]), non-reassuring fetal heart rate (aOR = 1.47 [1.47-1.49]), and giving birth for the first time (aOR = 3.85 [3.84-4.00]).CONCLUSIONS: The episiotomy rate decreased throughout France, for vaginal deliveries overall and for non-operative vaginal deliveries. This decrease is probably due to proactive changes in practices to restrict the number of episiotomies, which should be performed only if beneficial to the mother and the infant

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

LA DOULEUR CHEZ L'ENFANT

PARIS7-Villemin (751102101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le vitrail au XIXe siècle : État des travaux et bibliographie

Brisac Catherine, Bouchon Chantal, Blondel Nicole. Le vitrail au XIXe siècle : État des travaux et bibliographie. In: Revue de l'Art, 1986, n°72. pp. 35-38