186 research outputs found
Better implementation of improvements in chronic care: European expertsâ views on future research and development
Better implementation of improvements in chronic care: European expertsâ views on future research and development
Better implementation of improvements in chronic care
We know more about the effectiveness of chronic care itself than we know about how to implement these effective practices and care models. The result of this mismatch is that too often the implementation of inherently good innovations fails. Luckily, this is recognised as a problem and we are beginning to use methods which combine implementation with research so that we can more quickly improve care and learn about what works best for whom and where. This report presents a synthesis of what a diverse group of experts across the European Union see as research priorities to speed up and spread improvements to chronic care.
It will contribute to the future EU Research Agenda and also seeks to stimulate research funding for rigorous and timely implementation research in chronic care. But it is also of immediate use to improvers and researchers across Europe for the insights and discussions about implementation, chronic care and improvement science and practice
Decreased Hypothalamic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Decreased Hypothalamic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Elevated Postoperative Endogenous GLP-1 Levels Mediate Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Neural Responsivity to Food Cues.
OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that weight reduction and improvements in satiety after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are partly mediated via postoperative neuroendocrine changes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone secreted after food ingestion and is associated with appetite and weight reduction, mediated via effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Secretion of GLP-1 is greatly enhanced after RYGB. We hypothesized that postoperative elevated GLP-1 levels contribute to the improved satiety regulation after RYGB via effects on the CNS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Effects of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin 9-39 (Ex9-39) and placebo were assessed in 10 women before and after RYGB. We used functional MRI to investigate CNS activation in response to visual food cues (pictures) and gustatory food cues (consumption of chocolate milk), comparing results with Ex9-39 versus placebo before and after RYGB. RESULTS: After RYGB, CNS activation was reduced in the rolandic operculum and caudate nucleus in response to viewing food pictures (P = 0.03) and in the insula in response to consumption of palatable food (P = 0.003). GLP-1 levels were significantly elevated postoperatively (P < 0.001). After RYGB, GLP-1 receptor blockade resulted in a larger increase in activation in the caudate nucleus in response to food pictures (P = 0.02) and in the insula in response to palatable food consumption (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the effects of RYGB on CNS activation in response to visual and gustatory food cues may be mediated by central effects of GLP-1. Our findings provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying the weight-lowering effects of RYGB
Cerebral effects of glucagonâlike peptideâ1 receptor blockade before and after RouxâenâY gastric bypass surgery in obese women: A proofâofâconcept restingâstate functional MRI study
Aim:
To assess the effects of RouxâenâY gastric bypass surgery (RYGB)ârelated changes in glucagonâlike peptideâ1 (GLPâ1) on cerebral restingâstate functioning in obese women.
Materials and Methods:
In nine obese females aged 40â54âyears in the fasted state, we studied the effects of RYGB and GLPâ1 on five a priori selected networks implicated in foodâ and rewardârelated processes as well as environment monitoring (default mode, right frontoparietal, basal ganglia, insula/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal networks).
Results:
Before surgery, GLPâ1 receptor blockade (using exendin9â39) was associated with increased right caudate nucleus (basal ganglia network) and decreased right middle frontal (right frontoparietal network) connectivity compared with placebo. RYGB resulted in decreased right orbitofrontal (insula/anterior cingulate network) connectivity. In the default mode network, after surgery, GLPâ1 receptor blockade had a larger effect on connectivity in this region than GLPâ1 receptor blockade before RYGB (all PFWEâ<â.05). Results remained similar after correction for changes in body weight. Default mode and right frontoparietal network connectivity changes were related to changes in body mass index and food scores after RYGB.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest GLPâ1 involvement in restingâstate networks related to food and reward processes and monitoring of the internal and external environment, pointing to a potential role for GLPâ1âinduced changes in restingâstate connectivity in RYGBâmediated weight loss and appetite control
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