The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. VII. A Comparison of Corn and Kalo in a Ration for Growing Chicks

1. The effect of replacing 31 per cent of ground corn in a ration by 31 per cent of ground kalo was studied in a growth and body-analysis experiment with two lots of newly hatched chicks. 2. The amounts of feed consumed by all chicks of both lots were kept identical by hand-feeding equal amounts of the pelleted rations daily. 3. There were no significant differences in the growth rate or composition of the chicks at the end of a six weeks\u27 feeding trial

The Influence of Whole Wheat, Bran and Shorts on Body Weight and Feather Growth in Chicks

The proteins of the entire wheat kernel and of the bran and shorts are apparently utilized with equal efficiency by growing chicks when used with a base of corn, barley, oats, meat scraps, fish meal, and soybean meal. The relatively higher protein levels of bran and shorts, as compared to ground wheat, should be considered by the poultry producer in deciding which product or products can be used with greatest economy. A good concentration of a feather-growth factor is found in wheat bran. Other common feedstuffs carry the same essential, and the amount of bran which should be used in poultry rations will depend upon price relationships and certain well recognized palatability factors. Our experiments indicate that as much as 40 per cent of bran can be used in chick rations with good results

The Utilization of Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus by the Growing Chick

1. The nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus content of 127 newly hatched chicks was determined. 2. Thirty newly hatched chicks were fed accurately known amounts of a good chick mash for 60 days. At the end of the period nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and fat were determined for each chick. 3. By means of the comparative slaughter test the retention of nitrogen was found to be 37.8 per cent, calcium 43.4 per cent, and phosphorus 27.3 per cent of the respective elements fed. 4. The average gain in live weight per gram of nitrogen fed was 12.0 grams. 5. The rate of gain was 41.5 per cent of the dry matter fed. 6. The coefficient of variability was approximately 5 per cent, except for the calcium figures, which had a coefficient of 8 per cent

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. IV. Meat Meal and Fish Meal Compared with Meat Meal, Fish Meal, and Soybean Meal as Protein Concentrates

1. Two groups of 15 newly hatched chicks were fed rations differing in the composition of the protein concentrates. One lot received ration 2MFX, in which the concentrate was a mixture of meat meal and fish meal. In ration 3MFSX one-third of the meat and fish meals was replaced by soybean meal. The protein levels of the concentrates and of the rations as fed, were identical. 2. The composition of the chicks at the end of the feeding trial was determined, and the composition of the gains calculated. 3. The gain in live weight per gram of nitrogen or dry matter fed was practically identical in the two lots. 4. The retention of nitrogen by the chicks of the two lots was not significantly different. 5. The variation within lots was as great as that between lots; hence the slight variations in the retention of calcium and phosphorus were not judged significant

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. VII. A Comparison of Corn and Kalo in a Ration for Growing Chicks

1. The effect of replacing 31 per cent of ground corn in a ration by 31 per cent of ground kalo was studied in a growth and body-analysis experiment with two lots of newly hatched chicks. 2. The amounts of feed consumed by all chicks of both lots were kept identical by hand-feeding equal amounts of the pelleted rations daily. 3. There were no significant differences in the growth rate or composition of the chicks at the end of a six weeks\u27 feeding trial

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. VIII. A Comparison of Alfalfa Meal and Artificially Dried Sudan Grass Meal in Rations for Growing Chicks

1. The effect of replacing the ten parts of alfalfa meal in a ration with artificially dried Sudan-grass meal on an equivalent protein basis was studied in a growth and body-analysis experiment with two lots of day-old chicks. 2. The chicks of both lots consumed equal amounts of dry matter during the feeding trial. 3. There were no significant differences in the growth rate or composition of the chicks at the end of a six weeks\u27 feeding trial

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. V. A Comparison of Cottonseed Meal and Linseed Oil Meal as Portions of the Protein Concentrate

1. Two lots of newly hatched chicks were fed rations differing only in five per cent of their make-up. In the ration of one lot five parts of linseed oil meal were added to 95 parts of the base, and in the other ration a mixture of 4.5 parts of cottonseed meal and 0.5 part of starch was added, to keep the protein level the same. The remaining portions of the two concentrates were made up of five parts each of meat scraps and fish meal. 2. The amounts of feed consumed by all chicks of both lots were kept identical by hand feeding all chicks equal amounts daily. 3. The compositions of the chicks at the end of six weeks\u27 feeding trial were determined, and the compositions of the gains calculated. 4. The lot fed cottonseed meal made slightly better gains per unit of feed and nitrogen fed. 5. The retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus was slightly higher for the lot fed cottonseed meal

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. II. A Comparison of Protein Concentrates from Single and Multiple Sources

1. The effect of adding to a basal ration a protein concentrate consisting of meat scraps alone was compared with one made up of a mixture of meat scraps, fish meal, and dried buttermilk by means of growth and body-analysis experiments. 2. The percentages of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus contained in the chicks of the lot fed the mixture of three proteins were slightly higher than those found in the lot fed meat scraps as the concentrate. 3. The percentage rate of gain and the gain per gram of nitrogen fed were greater in the lot fed the mixture of proteins as the concentrate. 4. The retention of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus was greater by the chicks of the lot fed the mixture of meat scraps, fish meal, and dried buttermilk

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. IV. Meat Meal and Fish Meal Compared with Meat Meal, Fish Meal, and Soybean Meal as Protein Concentrates

1. Two groups of 15 newly hatched chicks were fed rations differing in the composition of the protein concentrates. One lot received ration 2MFX, in which the concentrate was a mixture of meat meal and fish meal. In ration 3MFSX one-third of the meat and fish meals was replaced by soybean meal. The protein levels of the concentrates and of the rations as fed, were identical. 2. The composition of the chicks at the end of the feeding trial was determined, and the composition of the gains calculated. 3. The gain in live weight per gram of nitrogen or dry matter fed was practically identical in the two lots. 4. The retention of nitrogen by the chicks of the two lots was not significantly different. 5. The variation within lots was as great as that between lots; hence the slight variations in the retention of calcium and phosphorus were not judged significant

The Utilization of Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus by the Growing Chick

1. The nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus content of 127 newly hatched chicks was determined. 2. Thirty newly hatched chicks were fed accurately known amounts of a good chick mash for 60 days. At the end of the period nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and fat were determined for each chick. 3. By means of the comparative slaughter test the retention of nitrogen was found to be 37.8 per cent, calcium 43.4 per cent, and phosphorus 27.3 per cent of the respective elements fed. 4. The average gain in live weight per gram of nitrogen fed was 12.0 grams. 5. The rate of gain was 41.5 per cent of the dry matter fed. 6. The coefficient of variability was approximately 5 per cent, except for the calcium figures, which had a coefficient of 8 per cent