Urogenital Myiasis in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia: Case Report

Background: Myiasis is the infestation of human beings with fly larvae which feed on hosts living or dead tissue. The diagnosis of this case made by presence of larvae in affected body parts. In tropical countries myiasis can present commonly but still there is no a report of Urogenital myiasis case presentation in the case of Ethiopia. Case presentation: A 19 years old male patient presented to Dermatology clinic at wolaita sodo university teaching and referral hospital with complaining of an itchy and painful small red raised/nodular/a painful penile lesion on the urethral meatus and glans of penis and on physical examination shows well demarcated centrally punctuated nodular lesion over the glans of the penis and urethral meatus with serous exudates discharge from opening that had appeared on the lesion.  He had been treated with antibiotics treated for suspected Furuncle before three weeks at early onset, but not improved. Then the patient was successfully managed by manual removal of larvae after white petrolatum Vaseline application and local anesthesia for twenty minutes and antibiotics therapy. Conclusion: Genital myiasis should be considered as differential diagnosis for nodular lesions on the gentalia, particularly in tropical countries where myiasis is more frequent, as in the case presented. Keywords: Myiasis, Urogenital, wolaita sodo, Infestation DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/59-0

Prevalence of Poor Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors among Ethiopian Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

BACKGROUND: Diabetes has no cure so far, but appropriate self-management contributes to delay or control its progression. However, poor self-management by diabetic patients adds to disease burden. The pooled prevalence of overall, and its main components of poor self-management among Ethiopian diabetic patients remain elusive. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor diabetes self-management behaviors among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.METHOD: by using different combinations of search terms, we accessed articles done until February 15, 2020 through Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was used for quality assessment, and STATA version 14 software along with the random-effects model was employed for statistical analyses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA.) guideline was followed to report the results.RESULT: Twenty-one studies with 7,168 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of poor self-management behavior among diabetic patients in Ethiopia was 49.79% (95% CI: 43.58%, 56.01%). Based on subgroup analysis, the estimated magnitudes of poor selfmanagement by regions were 68.58% in Tigray, 55.46% in Harari, 54.74%, in Amhara, 40.90%, in SNNPRS and 37.06% in Addis Ababa. The worst (80.91%) and relatively better (24.65%) self-management components were observed on self-blood glucose monitoring and medication adherence, respectively.CONCLUSION: One in two diabetic patients in Ethiopia had poor self-management. Thus, we strongly recommend to the ministry of health and universities to train diabetes health educators, and the health facilities to deliver tailored diabetes health education

Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Anesthetists at Government Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Anesthetic practice is always at high risk in medical profession. Job satisfaction level of Anesthetist can be affected by different factors. An investigation to retain anesthetists in the profession to meet the increasing demands of the healthcare system has a great importance. This study was aimed to determine the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among anesthetists working in government hospitals of Addis Ababa. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on sampled 101 anesthetists. Simple random sampling method was used to obtain the study participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, comprised two main parts; demography and job satisfaction. Respondent rated 18 factors related to job satisfaction using six point Likert scale. A descriptive analysis using Proportion and frequency were used. A‘chi square’ test were used to assess statistical significance of association and P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 101 anesthetists respondent, 57% were male, the majority of respondents were below the age of 30 years 58.4% and 59.4% of the respondents were single. A 53% of the respondents were satisfied and the highest dissatisfaction rate was in the age group of below thirty.  Satisfaction in helping others, responsibilities and freedom to choose method of working were significantly associated with job satisfaction. The major reasons reported for their dissatisfaction were inadequate salary, lack of public awareness about the role of anesthetists and professional hazard. Conclusion: There is a low level of job satisfaction among anesthetists who are working in government hospitals of Addis Ababa. Therefore, improving satisfaction level of anesthetist by solving major reasons of dissatisfaction is strongly recommended. Keywords: Anesthetists , satisfaction , dissatisfaction , government hospitals DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/94-05 Publication date:October 31st 2021

Effect of Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion on Intraocular Pressure Response: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. Use of laryngeal mask airway as an alternative to the endotracheal tube has attracted the attention of several workers with regard to intraocular pressure changes. However, the previous studies have reported different results while comparing intraocular pressure, following insertion of laryngeal mask airway or the endotracheal tube. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to generate the best possible evidence on the intraocular pressure response to endotracheal tube intubation and laryngeal mask airway insertion. Methods. Electronic databases like PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane library databases, and Mednar were used. All original peer-reviewed papers which reported the mean and standard deviation of IOP before and after airway instrumentation in both groups were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data using a standardized data extraction format for eligibility and appraised their quality. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 14 software. The pooled standard mean difference was estimated with the random-effect model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the I2 statistics test. A subgroup analysis was done to assess the source of variation between the studies. Result. A total of 47 research papers were reviewed, of which, six studies were finally included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled standard mean difference of intraocular pressure was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.70, 1.90), showing that LMA insertion is better than ETT intubation to maintain stable intraocular pressure. A random-effect model was employed to estimate the pooled standard mean differences due to severe heterogeneity (I2 79.45,  p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion. The available information suggests that the LMA provides lesser intraocular pressure response in comparison with the conventional tracheal tube