Thermisch induzierte Innenbrüche in Glasstäben

Durch thermisch induzierte Spannungen beim plötzlichen Erhitzen können in zylindrischen Glasstäben Brüche ausgelöst werden, die von der Stabachse aus radial nach außen verlaufen. Die Zerreißspannungen für solche Innenbrüche werden abgeschätzt, Aufnahmen von Bruchflächen werden qualitativ gedeutet

The effect of laser transformation notching on the controlled fracture of a high carbon (C70S6 ) steel

A high carbon (C70S6) steel has been laser surface treated using CO2 and Diode lasers in order to produce an embrittled region to act as a fracture notch. Such a process has been investigated as a precursor to the fracture splitting of automotive engine connecting rods. Microstructures of the treated regions have been examined and the fracture behaviour of notched samples has been quantified. Depending on the laser processing parameters used, the laser transformation notch (LTN) undergoes either solid state transformations or a mixture of melting and solid state transformations. The effect of LTN depth on the peak impact force, the crack initiation energy and Charpy fracture energy was investigated on a C70S6 carbon steel using an instrumented Charpy impact facility. It was reduced to a value < 3.5 J by a LTN of ~ 0.5 mm in depth. Fracture mechanics models indicate that such a LTN can behave in a similar way to a fatigue created crack used in fracture toughness testing ie the LTN behaves as a sharp crack. Obtaining a sharp crack effect from a LTN is attributable to a combination of: a) the presence of brittle martensite, b) intergranular cracking of favourably oriented columnar grains after melting with inclusions and defects at their boundaries, c) intergranular cracking of coarse grains produced by a high austenitising temperatures and d) minor or major cracks sometimes resulting in centre – line cracking which arises during solidification. LTN was thus shown to have the potential to lead to an effective means of obtaining consistent fracture splitting of connecting rods

Electronic Toxicity Monitoring and Patient-Reported Outcomes

Understanding the potential profile of adverse events associated with cancer treatment is essential in balancing safety vs. benefits. Multiple stakeholders make use of this information towards decision-making, including patients, clinicians, researchers, regulators, and payors. Currently, adverse events are reported by clinical research staff, yet evidence suggests that this may contribute to under-reporting of symptom events. Direct patient reporting via electronic interfaces offers a promising mechanism to enhance the efficiency and precision of our current approach, and may complement clinician reports of adverse events. The National Cancer Institute has contracted to develop and test an item bank and software system for directly eliciting adverse symptom event information from patients in cancer clinical research, called the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). The validity, usability, and scalability of the PRO-CTCAE prototype are currently being examined in academic and community-based settings

Saturnia Cecropia

Volume: 35Start Page: 222End Page: 22