219 research outputs found
Self-referrals to a doctors’ mental health service over 10 years
Background:
The adverse impact on doctors’ health of constant organizational change in healthcare is well established.
Aims:
To investigate the change in self-referral rates to a doctors’ mental health service, and associated morbidity over a decade.
Methods:
All doctors attending a doctors’ mental health service between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2011 were asked to complete the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory as part of routine assessment before treatment. Univariate analysis of variance was used to test for statistically significant differences between severity scores in different years.
Results: Between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2011, 1062 doctors attended the service; 852 (80%) completed both questionnaires and 64 (6%) completed one of them. The overall response rate was 86% (916/1062). Referrals increased >4-fold, from 44 in 2002 to 185 in 2011. Sixty-one per cent scored above the threshold for psychological distress and 59% for burnout. There were no significant changes in morbidity over time.
Conclusions:
Increasing numbers of doctors sought help from the doctors’ mental health support service. More than half scored above the thresholds for burnout and psychological distress and these proportions were consistent over 10 years. Doctors may be more willing to seek help than a decade ago. Further research is needed to confirm the underlying reasons for this. More resource is needed to meet the increase in demand
Exercise-based multimodal programming : A treatment gap for older adults with advanced cancer [Commentary]
[Extract] Approximately 60% of new cancer diagnoses occur in patients aged 65 years and older.1 Normal aging is associated with a decline in health and physical function.2 A cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can accelerate this age-related physical decline, increasing the risk of adverse health events and mortality.1 Aerobic and resistance exercise is an effective therapy to improve physical fitness and quality of life and to reduce cancer-related fatigue in individuals diagnosed with cancer, including advanced cancer.3 The American College of Sports Medicine guidelines recommend maintenance of physical activity during active cancer treatment,3 but guidelines specific to advanced cancer or elderly populations are lacking. Older patients with cancer are vastly underrepresented in clinical trials, including exercise-based trials,4 due in part to the challenges introduced by the observed heterogeneity among older adults with respect to comorbid conditions, functional status, motivation, and safety-related concerns of the treating health care professionals.4 Older adults are more likely to fear physical activity due to potential injury and to lack of guidance regarding how to start exercising.5,
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Revising the Fraction of Slow Rotators in IFS Galaxy Surveys
The fraction of galaxies supported by internal rotation compared to galaxies
stabilized by internal pressure provides a strong constraint on galaxy
formation models. In integral field spectroscopy surveys, this fraction is
biased because survey instruments typically only trace the inner parts of the
most massive galaxies. We present aperture corrections for the two most widely
used stellar kinematic quantities and . Our
demonstration involves integral field data from the SAMI Galaxy Survey and the
ATLAS Survey. We find a tight relation for both and
when measured in different apertures that can be used as a linear
transformation as a function of radius, i.e., a first-order aperture
correction. We find that and radial growth curves are
well approximated by second order polynomials. By only fitting the inner
profile (0.5), we successfully recover the profile out to one
if a constraint between the linear and quadratic parameter in the
fit is applied. However, the aperture corrections for and
derived by extrapolating the profiles perform as well as applying
a first-order correction. With our aperture-corrected
measurements, we find that the fraction of slow rotating galaxies increases
with stellar mass. For galaxies with 11, the fraction
of slow rotators is percent, but is underestimated if galaxies
without coverage beyond one are not included in the sample
( percent). With measurements out to the largest aperture radius
the slow rotator fraction is similar as compared to using aperture corrected
values ( percent). Thus, aperture effects can significantly bias
stellar kinematic IFS studies, but this bias can now be removed with the method
outlined here.Comment: Accepted for Publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. 16 pages and 11 figures. The key figures of the paper
are: 1, 4, 9, and 1
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: energy sources of the turbulent velocity dispersion in spatially-resolved local star-forming galaxies
We investigate the energy sources of random turbulent motions of ionised gas
from H emission in eight local star-forming galaxies from the
Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey. These
galaxies satisfy strict pure star-forming selection criteria to avoid
contamination from active galactic nuclei (AGN) or strong shocks/outflows.
Using the relatively high spatial and spectral resolution of SAMI, we find that
-- on sub-kpc scales our galaxies display a flat distribution of ionised gas
velocity dispersion as a function of star formation rate (SFR) surface density.
A major fraction of our SAMI galaxies shows higher velocity dispersion than
predictions by feedback-driven models, especially at the low SFR surface
density end. Our results suggest that additional sources beyond star formation
feedback contribute to driving random motions of the interstellar medium (ISM)
in star-forming galaxies. We speculate that gravity, galactic shear, and/or
magnetorotational instability (MRI) may be additional driving sources of
turbulence in these galaxies.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted by MNRA
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: mass-kinematics scaling relations
We use data from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field spectroscopy
(SAMI) Galaxy Survey to study the dynamical scaling relation between galaxy
stellar mass and the general kinematic parameter that combines rotation velocity and velocity dispersion
. We show that the relation: (1)~is linear above
limits set by properties of the samples and observations; (2)~has slightly
different slope when derived from stellar or gas kinematic measurements;
(3)~applies to both early-type and late-type galaxies and has smaller scatter
than either the Tully-Fisher relation () for late
types or the Faber-Jackson relation () for early types;
and (4)~has scatter that is only weakly sensitive to the value of , with
minimum scatter for in the range 0.4 and 0.7. We compare to the
aperture second moment (the `aperture velocity dispersion') measured from the
integrated spectrum within a 3-arcsecond radius aperture
(). We find that while and
are in general tightly correlated, the relation has less scatter than the relation.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted 2019 May 22. Received 2019 May 18; in
original form 2019 January
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: gravitational potential and surface density drive stellar populations -- I. early-type galaxies
The well-established correlations between the mass of a galaxy and the
properties of its stars are considered evidence for mass driving the evolution
of the stellar population. However, for early-type galaxies (ETGs), we find
that color and stellar metallicity [Z/H] correlate more strongly with
gravitational potential than with mass , whereas stellar population
age correlates best with surface density . Specifically, for our sample
of 625 ETGs with integral-field spectroscopy from the SAMI Galaxy Survey,
compared to correlations with mass, the color--, [Z/H]--, and
age-- relations show both smaller scatter and less residual trend with
galaxy size. For the star formation duration proxy [/Fe], we find
comparable results for trends with and , with both being
significantly stronger than the [/Fe]- relation. In determining the
strength of a trend, we analyze both the overall scatter, and the observational
uncertainty on the parameters, in order to compare the intrinsic scatter in
each correlation. These results lead us to the following inferences and
interpretations: (1) the color-- diagram is a more precise tool for
determining the developmental stage of the stellar population than the
conventional color--mass diagram; and (2) gravitational potential is the
primary regulator of global stellar metallicity, via its relation to the gas
escape velocity. Furthermore, we propose the following two mechanisms for the
age and [/Fe] relations with : (a) the age-- and
[/Fe]-- correlations arise as results of compactness driven
quenching mechanisms; and/or (b) as fossil records of the
relation in their disk-dominated progenitors.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table Accepted to Ap
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Effects of Modafinil on Emotional Processing in Patients with Remitted Depression
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