Index Files

Index File

Appendix A. Summary of the 16 models used to estimate occupancy () and colonization () rates for the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris).

Summary of the 16 models used to estimate occupancy () and colonization () rates for the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris)

Increasing connectivity between metapopulation ecology and landscape ecology

R code for the custom Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampler and data used to quantify the influence of landscape features on landscape resistance and colonization dynamics in a spatially-explicit metapopulation model

Location of weather station sites and annual trends in minimum and maximum temperatures for winter and summer.

<p>Annual trends in the mean minimum (A, C) and maximum (B, D) temperatures for the winter (A, B) and summer (C, D) at SNOTEL (□) and COOP weather station sites (∆) in the Greater Yellowstone Area using the modeled SNOTEL + COOP data, 1948–2012. All sites had positive trends and trend magnitude is indicated in the legend with warmer colors.</p

Trends of the descriptive statistics for seasonal minimum (blue) and maximum (red) temperature distributions using the modeled SNOTEL + COOP data, 1948–2012.

<p>Only slopes that were significantly different from zero are plotted; missing values indicate non-significance.</p

Decadal distributions of minimum (a, c) and maximum (b, d) Winter (a, b) and Summer (c, d) temperatures using the modeled SNOTEL + COOP data, 1950–2010.

<p>Distributions were smoothed using kernel density estimators.</p

Time series of Winter, March and Summer maximum (red) and minimum (blue) temperatures using the modeled SNOTEL + COOP data, 1948–2012.

<p>Trend lines and their equations for each time series are shown and are positive and significant (<i>p < 0</i>.05; non-parametric Theil-Sen estimator and Mann-Kendall test). Box plots show the median value, box boundaries indicate the 25^th/75^th percentiles and whiskers indicate the 5^th/95^th percentiles of annual temperature values for 50 stations at 5-year intervals and for 1988 (orange), the year of the large Yellowstone fires.</p