Ájurvéda az elhízás kezelésében

Absztrakt Az életmód változásával és a gyorséttermi láncok elterjedésével egyre nagyobb problémát jelent az elhízás az egész világon. Indiában a férfiak 31%-a, a nők 29%-a túlsúlyos, és az elhízás az utóbbi 11 évben növekvő tendenciát mutat. Az elhízás növeli számos betegség kialakulásának esélyét, mint például a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek, refluxbetegség, gastrointestinalis tumorok és alvási apnoe. Műtétek során a szövődményekkel még nem járó elhízás is súlyos komplikációkat okozhat. Az Ájurvédában a betegségek kialakulásáért a 3 dosha – vata, pitta, kapha – egyensúlyának felborulása a felelős. A 3 dosha aránya egyénenként változik, és meghatározza az egyéni testalkatot. Egy indiai kutatócsoport kimutatta, hogy az ájurvédikus testtípus-besorolás kapcsolatba hozható a gyulladásos és oxidatívstressz-faktorok génjeivel, a DNS-metilációval és a cardiovascularis betegségek kialakulásának esélyeivel. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1349–1352. | Abstract Obesity is an increasing problem all over the world as the lifestyle changes and fast food chains gain popularity. In India, 31% of men and 29% of women are overweight, which is a growing trend over the last 11 years. Obesity increases the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, reflux disease, gastrointestinal tumors, and sleep apnea. Obesity without complications can also cause serious complications during surgery. In Ayurveda the formation of diseases depends on the balance of the three doshas – vata, pitta, kapha. The rate of three doshas varies depending on the body constitution of the indvidual. Studies of an Indian research group have shown that Ayurvedic body type classification may be associated with genes of inflammation and oxidative stress factors, the rate of DNA methylation and development of cardiovascular diseases. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1349–1352

Direct effect of bile on colonic mucosa in alimentary induced hyperlipidemy in rats

An experimental surgical model was developed in rats after a short term alimentary induced hyperlipidemy to study the direct effect of bile on the colonic mucosa, with regard to the cancerogenic properties of lipid rich diet. The purpose of this study was to light on the role of fatty acid alteration and lipid peroxidation processes of bile in the epithelial cell damage. Animals were fed with normal (group A) and fat rich diet (group B) for 10 days and then bile samples were collected by the cannulation of the common bile duct in deep anaesthesia. The circulation preserved colons of control rats were treated either with bile from the control or hyperlipidemic rats. The treatment was carried out for 30 minutes. The electronmicroscopic alterations of epithelial cells (both enterocytes and goblet cells) caused by bile from hyperlipidemic rats were significantly greater than that of controls. Unfavourable changes of the redox state of the colonic mucosa were also detected both in the hyperlipidemic and bile treated groups. A significant increase was observed in the free-SH concentration of the two bile treated groups against the untreated animals. The changes could be explained among others by the modified bile fatty acid composition. The present study supports that the alimentary modified bile can influence the structure of the epithelium of colonic mucosa and it can be one of the inducing factor of carcinogenesis

Why do not polyphenols of red wine protect against the harmful effects of alcohol in alcoholism?

The effect of polyphenolic bioactive substances, especially resveratrol (12.03 mg l−1), of an often consumed Hungarian red wine was investigated in a short term rat experiment. Male young Wistar albino rats were treated with high volumes of red wine (matching one bottle of wine/day for a 85 kg man) (N=5) and another alcoholic drink of the same alcohol concentration (N=5), corresponding to the circumstances of alcoholism, and 5 rats were in the control group. A total of 7 routine laboratory parameters were measured from the sera by kits. The changes of redox homeostasis (H-donor activity, induced chemiluminescence, diene-conjugates, GSHPx) were studied in blood plasma and/or in liver homogenates by spectrophotometric and luminometric methods. Transmethylation property of the liver was measured by overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) technique. It was proven with in vitro OPLC analytical study that resveratrol reacted with methyl groups, and resveratrol was demonstrated to influence transmethylation processes as well as redox homeostasis. Red wine compounds do not protect from the harmful effects of alcohol, and even by high doses of resveratrol, the liver further deteriorates and the negative effect of alcohol increases. It has been confirmed that high doses of resveratrol do not provide protection against liver damage in those suffering from alcoholism

The effect of fat rich diet and alcohol on ion concentration in bile fluid in rats

The metabolic alteration of fatty liver causes significant changes in the composition of bile fluid secreted by epithelial liver cells. These processes include both organic molecular and inorganic ion content changes in bile juice as well. In this work ion concentration differences of bile fluid in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to normal ones were monitored. Fatty liver in young male Wistar albino rats was induced by 2% cholesterol, 20% sunflower oil and 0.5% cholic acid added to the normal food and 3% alcoholic water was administered to rats for 9 days. The development of hyperlipidemy was detected by measuring serum parameters and fatty liver was proved by morphological investigations. The ion concentrations of bile fluid samples were determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). The bile fluid samples were digested with a mixture of HNO3 and H2O2 . The results show that the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in bile juice increased significantly in hyperlipidemic rats compared to the control. Significant concentration changes have also been detected for chromium and manganese. The changes in metal ion metabolism also point to the damage of liver cells owing to metal complex evacuation

The alimentary impact of the hemp seed

Hemp seed and hemp seed oil can supply us with many important substances. Their essential fatty acid compositions are favourable, but they may contain non-psychotropic cannabinoids. Emerging data show that these components can influence the health status of the population beneficially. Some data also showed trace amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol in seed oils, the main psychotropic cannabinoid that is contraindicated.Our aim was to examine cannabinoids and fatty acid composition as well as metal and non-metal element compositions in products, like hemp seed oil and chopped hemp seed capsule.The cannabinoids were separated by thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid composition was determined with gas chromatography, and elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Si, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn) were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method. Selenium was determined with polarographic analyser.Cannabinoids were not detectable by thin layer chromatography, so hemp seed oil, as well as the capsule, have no psychotropic adverse effect. Our data showed that hemp seed contains essential fatty acids close to the recommended ratio. The B and Se concentrations of the oils and the P concentration of the capsule are also relevant

Protective effect of CV247 against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats

Abstract CV247 (CV), an aqueous mixture of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) gluconates, vitamin C and sodium salicylate increased the antitumour effects of cisplatin (CDPP; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) in vitro. We hypothesized that the antioxidant and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) inhibitory components of CV can protect the kidneys from CDPP nephrotoxicity in rats. CDPP (6.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) slightly elevated serum creatinine (Crea) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 12 days after treatment. Kidney histology demonstrated extensive tubular epithelial damage and COX-2 immunoreactivity increased 14 days after treatment. A large amount of platinum (Pt) accumulated in the kidney of CDPP-treated rats. Furthermore, CDPP decreased renal iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), Cu and Mn concentrations and increased plasma Fe and Cu concentrations. CDPP elevated plasma free radical concentration. Treatment with CV alone for 14 days (twice 3 ml/kg/day orally) did not influence these parameters. Chronic CV administration after CDPP reduced renal histological damage and slightly decreased COX-2 immunoreactivity, while failed to prevent the increase in Crea and BUN levels. Blood free radical concentration was reduced, that is, CV improved redox homeostasis. CV restored plasma Fe and renal Fe, Mo and Zn, while decreased Pt and elevated Cu and Mn concentrations in the kidney. Besides the known synergistic antitumour effects with CDPP, CV partially protected the kidneys from CDPP nephrotoxicity probably through its antioxidant effect

Altered element homeostasis and transmethylation ability in short-term polyphenol rich supplementation in hyperlipidemic animal model

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic liver diseases with unclarified pathomechanism and without evidence-proven therapy. Dietary polyphenols, targeting oxidative stress, are at the center of investigations. Our aim was to examine the effects of a polyphenol rich extract on metal element homeostasis and transmethylation ability in non-alcoholic fatty liver model. A ten-day rat model was used (control group, hyperlipidemic group with fat-rich diet, hyperlipidemic group with fat-rich diet and polyphenol supplementation, N = 8 in each group). The hyperlipidemic diet increased the concentration of the majority of the elements with significantly higher contents of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Se, Si, and Zn in the liver. Further elevation of Al, Pb, and Sn concentrations could be observed in polyphenol supplemented animals. The polyphenol supplement unexpectedly decreased the transmethylation ability of the liver (132.00 vs. 114.15 vs. 92.25 HCHO μg g−1) further. The results emphasize the possible role of altered metal and non-metal element concentrations and decreased transmethylation ability in the pathomechanism of fatty liver disease. Dietary supplementation with natural compounds may have undesirable effect as well, there is the necessity to improve the efficacy of polyphenol formulations because of their low oral bioavailability