Attempt to Monopolize: Dangerous Probability of Success as an Obstacle to Enforcing Section 2 of the Sherman Act

This Comment analyzes the conflicting definitions of attempt to monopolize as applied to the Sherman Act. First, the Comment outlines the majority position requiring proof of dangerous probability of success in an attempt to monopolize case under section 2 of the Sherman Act. Next, the Comment examines the minority position and finds that it raises countervailing concerns that warrant eliminating the dangerous probability of success requirement. Finally, this Comment concludes that the dangerous probability of success element adds nothing but confusion to the attempt to monopolize analysis and should therefore be eliminated

Book Review: Backyard Wilderness

This book review examines David Knibb\u27s Backyard Wilderness

Book Review: Backyard Wilderness

This book review examines David Knibb\u27s Backyard Wilderness

Attempt to Monopolize: Dangerous Probability of Success as an Obstacle to Enforcing Section 2 of the Sherman Act

This Comment analyzes the conflicting definitions of attempt to monopolize as applied to the Sherman Act. First, the Comment outlines the majority position requiring proof of dangerous probability of success in an attempt to monopolize case under section 2 of the Sherman Act. Next, the Comment examines the minority position and finds that it raises countervailing concerns that warrant eliminating the dangerous probability of success requirement. Finally, this Comment concludes that the dangerous probability of success element adds nothing but confusion to the attempt to monopolize analysis and should therefore be eliminated

Disk-Loss and Disk Renewal Phases in Classical Be Stars II. Detailed Analysis of Spectropolarimetric Data

In Wisniewski et al. 2010, paper I, we analyzed 15 years of spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric data from the Ritter and Pine Bluff Observatories of 2 Be stars, 60 Cygni and {\pi} Aquarii, when a transition from Be to B star occurred. Here we anaylize the intrinsic polarization, where we observe loop-like structures caused by the rise and fall of the polarization Balmer Jump and continuum V-band polarization being mismatched temporally with polarimetric outbursts. We also see polarization angle deviations from the mean, reported in paper I, which may be indicative of warps in the disk, blobs injected at an inclined orbit, or spiral density waves. We show our ongoing efforts to model time dependent behavior of the disk to constrain the phenomena, using 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer codes.Comment: 2 pages, 6 figures, IAU Symposium 27

A mouse model for HIV-1 entry

Passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 can prevent infection in macaques and seems to delay HIV-1 rebound in humans. Anti-HIV antibodies are therefore of great interest for vaccine design. However, the basis for their in vivo activity has been difficult to evaluate systematically because of a paucity of small animal models for HIV infection. Here we report a genetically humanized mouse model that incorporates a luciferase reporter for rapid quantitation of HIV entry. An antibody’s ability to block viral entry in this in vivo model is a function of its bioavailability, direct neutralizing activity, and effector functions

Models of X-ray Photoionization in LMC X-4: Slices of a Stellar Wind

We show that the orbital variation in the UV P Cygni lines of the X-ray binary LMC X-4 results when X-rays photoionize nearly the entire region outside of the X-ray shadow of the normal star. We fit models to HST GHRS observations of N V and C IV P Cygni line profiles. Analytic methods assuming a spherically symmetric wind show that the wind velocity law is well-fit by v~(1-1/r)^beta, where beta is likely 1.4-1.6 and definitely <2.5. Escape probability models can fit the observed P Cygni profiles, and provide measurements of the stellar wind parameters. The fits determine Lx/Mdot=2.6+/-0.1 x10^43 erg/s/Msun yr, where Lx is the X-ray luminosity and Mdot is the mass-loss rate of the star. Allowing an inhomogeneous wind improves the fits. IUE spectra show greater P Cygni absorption during the second half of the orbit than during the first. We discuss possible causes of this effect.Comment: 56 pages, 12 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journa

Spectroscopic and Spectropolarimetric Observations of V838 Mon

The spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric variability of the peculiar variable V838 Monocerotis during the brighter phases of its multiple outbursts in 2002 is presented. Significant line profile variability of H$\alpha$ and Si II 6347.10\AA & 6371.36\AA occurred in spectra obtained between 2002 February 5 and 2002 March 14, and a unique secondary absorption component was observed near the end of this time period. Our observations also suggest that multiple shifts in ionization states occurred during the outbursts. Spectropolarimetric observations reveal that V838 Mon exhibited both intrinsic and interstellar polarization components during the initial stages of the second outburst, indicating the presence of an asymmetric geometry; however, the intrinsic component had significantly declined by February 14. We determine the interstellar polarization to be $P_{max} = 2.746 \pm 0.011$, $\lambda_{max} = 5790 \pm 37\AA$, $PA = 153.43 \pm 0.12 ^{\circ}$, and we find the integrated intrinsic V band polarization on February 5 to be $P = 0.983 \pm 0.012$ at a position angle of $127.0 \pm 0.5^{\circ}$. The implications of these observations for the nature of V838 Monocerotis, its distance, and its ejecta are discussed.Comment: 20 pages (including 6 figs, 3 tables), accepted by Ap