Carvão vegetal como filtro de manipueira para produção de fertilizante de liberação lenta.

Este trabalho visou avaliar se a manipueira proporciona aumento nos teores de nutrientes em biomassa carbonizada (biochar) utilizada como filtro do efluente da prensagem da mandioca. Foram desenvolvidos filtros a base de carvão de eucalipto comercial. O filtro constituiu-se de um tubo de PVC de 100 mm de diâmetro e 1 m de altura

Parasitos de Oreochromis niloticus, Cichlidae invasor da Bacia do Igarapé Fortaleza, região do estuário amazônico do Estado do Amapá.

ENBRAPOA

Parasitos das brânquias de 16 espécies de Cichlidae da Bacia do Igarapé Fortaleza, Macapá, Estado do Amapá, Brasil.

ENBRAPOA

Molecular identification of member species of Aspergillus section flavi contaminating brazilnut material from Acre and Amazonas.

Identificaçao molecular de especies membros do Aspergillus seçao flavi contaminantes de castanha do brasil nos estados de Acre e Amazonas

Caracterização fisica e quimica de banana tipo terra da variedade Maranhão em três estádios de maturação.

A banana por apresentar um padrão de respiração climatérica pode ser colhida antes do completo amadurecimento. Esse padrão é caracterizado pelo aumento da taxa respiratória e da produção de etileno durante o climatério. È nesta fase que se iniciam as principais alterações na fruta tais como pigmentação amarela da casca, amaciamento da polpa e mudanças no sabor e aroma característicos da banana madura (Medina & Pereira, 2004). Tradicionalmente, o grau de maturação das bananas inclusive dos tipos terra tem sido fortemente ligado a mudança de cor da casca (Palmer, 1971) e comparada através de cartas de cores para acompanhar a sua maturação. Entretanto, devido a altas temperaturas e baixa umidade relativa às frutas retém a cor verde de sua casca enquanto que a maturação interna já começou Dadzie & Orchard (1997). Portanto, o uso da combinação de indicadores de maturação externa e interna é essencial para a definição de parâmetros que possam indicar o correto ponto de colheita antes de ocorrer a abscisão. Este conhecimento poderá ajudar o setor produtivo no planejamento de colheitas com bananas de melhor qualidade e vida de prateleira mais prolongada; bem como a destinação mais apropriada nos diversos setores do processamento. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as características físicas e químicas da banana tipo terra em três estádios de maturação.pdf 177

Characterization of Aspergillus species on Brazil nut from the Brazilian Amazonian region and development of a PCR assay for identification at the genus level.

Brazil nut is a protein-rich extractivist tree crop in the Amazon region. Fungal contamination of shells and kernel material frequently includes the presence of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species from the section Flavi. Aflatoxins are polyketide secondary metabolites, which are hepatotoxic carcinogens in mammals. The objectives of this study were to identify Aspergillus species occurring on Brazil nut grown in different states in the Brazilian Amazon region and develop a specific PCR method for collective identification of member species of the genus Aspergillus. Results:Polyphasic identification of 137 Aspergillus strains isolated from Brazil nut shell material from cooperatives across the Brazilian Amazon states of Acre, Amapá and Amazonas revealed five species, with Aspergillus section Flavi species A. nomius and A. flavus the most abundant. PCR primers ASP_GEN_MTSSU_F1 and ASP_GEN_MTSSU_R1 were designed for the genus Aspergillus, targeting a portion of the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Primer specificity was validated through both electronic PCR against target gene sequences at Genbank and in PCR reactions against DNA from Aspergillus species and other fungal genera common on Brazil nut. Collective differentiation of the observed section Flavi species A. flavus, A. nomius and A. tamarii from other Aspergillus species was possible on the basis of RFLP polymorphism. Conclusions:Given the abundance of Aspergillus section Flavi species A. nomius and A. flavus observed on Brazil nut, and associated risk of mycotoxin accumulation, simple identification methods for such mycotoxigenic species are of importance for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system implementation. The assay for the genus Aspergillus represents progress towards specific PCR identification and detection of mycotoxigenic species

Effects observed in the Latin American sector ionospheric F region during the intense geomagnetic disturbances in the early part of November 2004

The Sun was very active in the early part of November 2004. During the period of 8-10 November 2004, intense geomagnetic disturbances with two superstorms were observed. In this paper, we have investigated the generation and suppression of equatorial ionospheric irregularities and the daytime changes in the F region electron density in the Latin American sector during the period of intense geomagnetic disturbances. We present the ionospheric sounding observations carried out at Manaus and Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, during this geomagnetically disturbed period. Also, GPS observations obtained from several stations in Brazil, Argentina, and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, during the disturbed period are presented. During the main phase of the first superstorm, around the prereversal enhancement time (night of 7-8 November), prompt penetration of electric field was observed and the presence of equatorial ionospheric irregularities was detected from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (in the northern hemisphere) to Bahia Blanca, Argentina (in the southern hemisphere). The ionospheric sounding observations at Manaus indicate inhibition of prereversal enhancement on the nights of 9-10 and 10-11 November, possibly due to the disturbed thermospheric winds or disturbance electric fields. Virtually no phase fluctuations on the nights of 9-10 and 10-11 November were observed in the Latin American sector. During the daytime on 8 November, the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations show a negative storm phase at Porto Alegre (Brazil) and Bahia Blanca (Argentina). Again during the daytime on 10 November, the VTEC observations show a negative storm phase from Brasilia (Brazil) to Bahia Blanca. These negative storm phases are associated with a decrease in the O/N2 ratio. During the daytime on 9 November, the VTEC observations show a positive storm phase extending from St. Croix to Porto Alegre, and again on 10 November, VTEC observations show a positive storm phase. These positive storm phases observed are possibly due to changes in large-scale wind circulation and an increase in the O/N2 ratio.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Effects observed in the Latin American sector ionospheric F region during the intense geomagnetic disturbances in the early part of November 2004

The Sun was very active in the early part of November 2004. During the period of 8-10 November 2004, intense geomagnetic disturbances with two superstorms were observed. In this paper, we have investigated the generation and suppression of equatorial ionospheric irregularities and the daytime changes in the F region electron density in the Latin American sector during the period of intense geomagnetic disturbances. We present the ionospheric sounding observations carried out at Manaus and Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil, during this geomagnetically disturbed period. Also, GPS observations obtained from several stations in Brazil, Argentina, and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, during the disturbed period are presented. During the main phase of the first superstorm, around the prereversal enhancement time (night of 7-8 November), prompt penetration of electric field was observed and the presence of equatorial ionospheric irregularities was detected from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (in the northern hemisphere) to Bahia Blanca, Argentina (in the southern hemisphere). The ionospheric sounding observations at Manaus indicate inhibition of prereversal enhancement on the nights of 9-10 and 10-11 November, possibly due to the disturbed thermospheric winds or disturbance electric fields. Virtually no phase fluctuations on the nights of 9-10 and 10-11 November were observed in the Latin American sector. During the daytime on 8 November, the vertical total electron content (VTEC) observations show a negative storm phase at Porto Alegre (Brazil) and Bahia Blanca (Argentina). Again during the daytime on 10 November, the VTEC observations show a negative storm phase from Brasilia (Brazil) to Bahia Blanca. These negative storm phases are associated with a decrease in the O/N2 ratio. During the daytime on 9 November, the VTEC observations show a positive storm phase extending from St. Croix to Porto Alegre, and again on 10 November, VTEC observations show a positive storm phase. These positive storm phases observed are possibly due to changes in large-scale wind circulation and an increase in the O/N2 ratio.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica